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Theology > Lutheranism > Flashcards

Lutheranism Flashcards

1
Q

When was Martin Luther alive?

A

1483 -1546

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2
Q

What education had he undergone?

A

He went to the University of Erfurt

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3
Q

What order was he a Monk in?

A

The Augustinian Order

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4
Q

Where was he a teacher?

A

Wittenberg

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5
Q

What was he severely against?

A

Indulgence Selling

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6
Q

When was the Ninety Five Thesis posted?

A

1517

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7
Q

What did Diarmaid MacCulloch argue the posting symbolised?

A

The beginning of the Reformation process

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8
Q

What other debate did he establish to do with the indulgent selling?

A

The Leipzig Debate

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9
Q

When was the Leipzig Debate?

A

1519

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10
Q

Who was he involved with during the Leipzig Debate?

A

Johann Eck

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11
Q

What three treatises did he send letters to? (3)

A
  1. The Christian Nobility
  2. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
  3. The Freedom of a Christian
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12
Q

When was the three treatises proposed?

A

1520

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13
Q

What happened in 1521?

A

The Diet of Worms

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14
Q

What did Luther believe you could only rely on?

A

Scripture

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15
Q

Who had Luther been in conflict with?

A

The Catholic Church

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16
Q

What type of conflict was it?

A

Directly and indirectly

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17
Q

What had the Catholic church alleged Luther had done?

A

Deviated from the Catholic teaching

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18
Q

What had the Catholic Church argued Luther’s arguments were on indulgences?

A

His argument on indulgences was unjustified Biblically and Theologically

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19
Q

What did the Exurge Domine argue Luther had attacked?

A

The papal authority and power

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20
Q

When was Luther argued to have reached his breaking point?

A

1520

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21
Q

Who put the Exurge Domine to Luther?

A

The Church

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22
Q

Why was Luther at a breaking point?

A

As he believed nobody in the hierarchy wanted to listen or believe in him or his teachings

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23
Q

What does Luther begin to call the Pope?

A

The Antichrist

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24
Q

Why is Luther shocked?

A

As he cannot believe that the church would not want to listen to him on grounds of justifying the faith

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25
Q

What was Luther trying to do?

A

Justify the faith

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26
Q

Who was he frustrated with?

A

The Catholic Church

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27
Q

What does Luther begin to do as a result?

A

Become more radical, as in he is more willing to say what he thinks

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28
Q

What is put forward in 1520?

A

The Freedom of the Christian

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29
Q

What does the Freedom of the Christian state?

A

Lays down his feelings on the freedom of law and theology of the cross

30
Q

What does Luther burn?

A

The Exurge Domine

31
Q

What does the burning mean?

A

He could be threatened with excommunication

32
Q

What is still a crime?

A

Heresy

33
Q

Who was Luther to appear before in the Diet of Worms?

A

The Emperor

34
Q

What was the Diet of Worms?

A

A trial to determine whether Luther was a heretic and what would happen as a result of the outcome

35
Q

What does Fredrick the Wise manage to get Luther?

A

Safe conduct

36
Q

Does Luther go against what he has written in his books?

A

NO

37
Q

What does he believe about anyone who goes against his beliefs?

A

They are wrong as he has the evidence in scripture to prove he is right

38
Q

What statement highlights from Luther exactly his beliefs on his writing?

A

“Unless I am convinced by scripture or reason I will not retract my conscience”

39
Q

What is the outcome of the Diet of Worms?

A

He is declared an outlaw, flees and goes into hiding with the help of Fredrick the Wise

40
Q

What kind of reformer was Luther?

A

A moderate reformer

41
Q

What did Luther view progress as?

A

One’s return to baptism

42
Q

Why was Luther driven to the word?

A

As there was a strong sense of tension, anxiety, attacks of depression and desperation

43
Q

What did Luther understand theology as?

A

Wisdom gained from experience

44
Q

What was this understanding of theology adopted by?

A

“Prayer, meditation and trail”

45
Q

What did he see faith as?

A

A passive light

46
Q

What did he see the unity of?

A

Theology

47
Q

What was the posting regarded as?

A

An academic exercise

48
Q

Where did the posting circulate?

A

Widely, far beyond the academic community

49
Q

When was it argued Luther’s movement actually began?

A

When it extended outside of Germany

50
Q

What did Luther’s thesis express?

A

That faith is justified by grace alone and faith

51
Q

How would this faith NOT be expressed?

A

Not through the purchases of indulgences

52
Q

What did Luther call the justification of faith?

A

The theology of the cross

53
Q

What shouldn’t people avoid?

A

Suffering

54
Q

What should the follow?

A

The way of the cross

55
Q

What did people believe indulgences were?

A

A let off from penance

56
Q

Were Luther’s ideas new?

A

No

57
Q

What was it the first of however even if his ideas were not new?

A

It was the first time it had been used to mount a criticism of indulgences

58
Q

Was criticism of indulgences new?

A

No

59
Q

What were they expressing a warning about?

A

The weak theological foundations upon which most indulgent preaching was placed

60
Q

When Luther was in hiding what did he publish?

A

Many letters criticizing the pope and the Catholic church

61
Q

What did he translate into German whilst in hiding?

A

The Bible

62
Q

What did Luther hold as the highest authority?

A

The Bible

63
Q

What did people believe would happen if people could not read the Bible?

A

That they would continue to be deceived by the Catholic Church

64
Q

What did the development of the printing press mean people were able to do?

A

Distribute Luther’s German Bible throughout the country

65
Q

What did the publication of the German Bible lead many people to do?

A

They started to question the authority of the church and the Pope

66
Q

What did the printing of the Bible lead to?

A

A full scale revolt

67
Q

When Luther returned who did he drive out?

A

The radicals

68
Q

What did he then finally establish in Wittenburg?

A

His own Lutheran church in 1526

69
Q

What were the radicals doing throughout Germany?

A

They were burning down Catholic buildings such as churches, libraries and monasteries

70
Q

Who were the radicals calling their name under?

A

Luther

71
Q

What was the radical movement known as?

A

The Peasants revolt

72
Q

Where did this spread across?

A

All over Europe

Theology (14 decks)

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