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Human Anatomy II -- Unit 1 -- Zach H. > Lungs, Pleura, and Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Lungs, Pleura, and Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Do any ribs articulate with the sternum directly?

A

No, they have a cartilage joining them.

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2
Q

In between which two vertebra is the top of the manubrium in line with?

A

T2-T3

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3
Q

Between which two vertebra is the manubriosternal joint in line with?

A

T4-T5

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4
Q

Which vertebra is the inferior portion of the body of the sternum inline with?

A

T9

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5
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

1, 2, 11, and 12

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6
Q

Which ribs are “true” (vertebrocostal) ribs?

A

1-7

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7
Q

Which ribs are “false” (vertebrochondral) ribs?

A

8-10

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8
Q

Which ribs are “floating” ribs?

A

11 and 12

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9
Q

What articulates with only the manubrium of the sternum?

A

clavicle and 1st rib

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10
Q

Which rib articulates with the manubrium and the body of the sternum?

A

2nd rib

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11
Q

Which rib articulates with the body and the xiphoid process?

A

7th rib

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12
Q

Which rib has grooves for the subclavian vein and artery?

A

1st rib

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13
Q

Which rib has a tuberosity for the serratus anterior?

A

2nd rib

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14
Q

What is found on the vertebral end of ribs?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • tubercle
  • angle
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15
Q

What is the middle of the rib called?

A

Body

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16
Q

What does the sternal end of true ribs articulate with?

A
  • sternum
  • costal cartilage
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17
Q

True or False:

The head of the rib articulates with the inferior demifacet of the superior vertebra and the superior demifacet of the inferior vertebra, and the intervertebral disc.

A

True

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18
Q

Which portion of the vertebre, superior or inferior, does the numbered rib and same numbered vertebre articulate?

A

superior demifacet

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19
Q

Which part of the rib articulates with the transvers process of vertebra of same number as rib, making up the costotransverse joint?

A

tubercle of rib

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20
Q

Which ligament is found covering the costal cartilage between the rib and manubrium?

A

Radiate sternocostal ligament

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21
Q

Which ligament helps keep the sternal end of the rib in place at either the manubrium or body of the sternum?

A

intra-articular sternocostal ligament

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22
Q

Which ligament is found at the costotransverse joint?

A

Lateral costotransverse ligament.

23
Q

What is the name of the joint between the head of the rib and the vertebra?

A

costovertebral join of head of rib

24
Q

Which ligament covers the costovertebral joint of head of rib?

A

Radiate ligament of head of rib

25
Q

What makes up the intervertebral disc?

A
  • anulus fibrosus
  • nucleus pulposus
26
Q

What is the name of the joint between the rib and the costal cartilage?

A

costochondral joint (cartilaginous joint)

27
Q

Which muscles elevate the ribcage?

A
  • external intercostal muscles
  • innermost intercostal muscles
  • levator costarum
  • serratus posterior superior
28
Q

What muscles depress the ribcage?

A
  • internal intercostal muscles
  • transversus thoracis
  • subcostal muscles
  • serratus posterior inferior
29
Q

Which muscle involved in the movement of the ribcage is the only epaxial derived muscle?

A

levator costarum

30
Q

What ultimately decides if a muscle depress or elevates the ribcage?

A

Direction of muscle fiber, and this can change depending on segment of rib.

31
Q

Between which two muscle layers do intercostal vein, artery, and nerve, along with collateral branches run?

A

innermost intercostal and internal intercostal

32
Q

What is the origin, course, and distribution of the posterior intercostal artery?

A
  • Origin
    • supreme intercostal arteries (intercostal spaces 1 and 2)
    • thoracic aorta (remaining intercostal spaces
  • Course
    • pass between internal innermost intercostal muscles
  • Distribution
    • intercostal muscles and overlying skin
    • parital pleura
33
Q

What is the origin, ourse, and distribution of the anterior intercostal artery?

A
  • Origin
    • internal thoracic arteries (intercostal spaces 1-6)
    • musculophrenic arteries (intercostal spaces 7-9)
  • Course
    • pass between internal and innermost intercostal muscles
  • Distribution
    • intercostal muscles and overlying skin
    • parietal pleura
34
Q

What is the origin, course, and distribution of the internal thoracic artery?

A
  • Origin
    • subclavian artery
  • Course
    • passes inferiorly, lateral to sternum, between costal cartilages and internal intercostal msucles to divide into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries
  • Distribution
    • by way of anterior intercostal arteries to intercostal spaces 1-6 and,
    • musculophrenic arteries to intercostal spaces 7-9
35
Q

What is the origin, course, and distribution of the subcostal artery?

A
  • Origin
    • thoracic aorta
  • Course
    • courses along interior border of 12th rib
  • Distribution
    • muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin
36
Q

What are the lungs covered by?

A

visceral pleura

37
Q

True or False:

Pulmonary arteries go into the lungs superior and the pulmonary veins come out of the lung inferior to the pulmonary arteries.

A

True

38
Q

What structures does the left lung have an area for?

A
  • esophagus
  • aorta
  • vagus nerve
  • phrenic nerve
39
Q

Does the left lung have a horizontal fissure?

A

NO, just the right lung has a horizontal fissure.

40
Q

What does the bronchial veins drain into?

A

azygos and hemiazygos veins

41
Q

The heart and the lungs receive sympathetic innervation primarily via which one of the following pathways?

  • a) spinal nerve pathway
  • b) postganglionic sympathetic pathway
  • c) splanchnic nerve pathway
  • d) adrenal medulla pathway
A

B

42
Q

Where do the left bronchial arteries come from?

A

aorta

43
Q

Where do the right bronchial arteries come from?

A

intercostal arteries, aorta, or left bronchial artery

44
Q

What does the right lung venous drain into?

A

azygous vein

45
Q

What does the left lung venous drain into?

A

accessory hemiazygos vein or intercostal vein

46
Q

What is a pulmonary collapse?

A
  • Air infiltrating the pleural cavity (pneumothorax) can break surface tension between the visceral and parietal pleura.
  • When this happens, the elastic lung tissue will recoil (collapse) leaving air filled space within the pleural cavity that prevents expansion of the lung during inspiration.
47
Q

What is a hemothorax, hydrothorax, and chylothorax?

A
  • Blood -> hemothorax
  • Serous fluid -> hydrothorax
  • Lymph -> chylothorax

caused by penetrating wound and the substances infiltrate the pleural cavity and can also cause the lung to collapse.

48
Q

What pleuritis (pleurisy)?

A
  • inflammation of the pleura, may cause “scaping sounds” during auscultation, and can cause sharp stabbing pain.
49
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?

A
  • obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble; often fatal.
  • passes from vein into right side of heart via vena cava andthen travels through heart and into pulmonary artery, obstructing blood flow.
  • deep vein thrombosis (DVT) common cause
50
Q

What is bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer)?

A
  • common type of lung cancer arising from bronchial epithelium
  • smoking a major cause
  • highly metastatic due to association of lymphatics in bronchial tissue
  • typically metastasizes to brain and cranium
51
Q

What is malignant mesothelioma?

A
  • rarer type of lung cancer affecting pleura (mesothelium)
  • caused by exposure to asbestos
  • can affect other internal organs
52
Q

What is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?

A
  • bacterial infection of the lungs (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • can spread to other organs
  • contagion spread through the air through droplets from an infected individual coughing, sneezing, or talking.
  • 1/3 of the world’s population is currently infected with TB, but only 5-10% become sick or infectious (active TB).
53
Q
A

Human Anatomy II -- Unit 1 -- Zach H. (5 decks)

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