Lungs part 5

Question 1

What is acute respiratory infection also known as?

Answer 1

common cold

Question 2

How long does an acute respiratory infection last?

Answer 2

5-10 days

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection?

Answer 3

nasal congestion/discharge, sneezing, pharyngitis, fever, possible bacterial otitis media or sinusitis

Question 4

Who commonly gets acute respiratory infections? When?

Answer 4

children in the fall and winter

Question 5

What percentage of acute respiratory infections are from unknown origins?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

If an acute respiratory infection is viral, what viruses caused it?

Answer 6

rhinovirus, coronavirus, RSV, influenza

Question 7

If an acute respiratory infection is bacterial, what bacterial caused it?

Answer 7

haemophilus influenzae, group A beta hemolytic strep (strep pyogenes)

Question 8

Where do we see acute respiratory infections?

Answer 8

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis

Question 9

What usually accompanies the common cold?

Answer 9

acute pharyngitis

Question 10

Acute pharyngitis is caused by what?

Answer 10

various microbes

Question 11

Streptococcal pharyngitis is par of what group of acute respiratory infections?

Answer 11

group A beta hemolytic streptococci

Question 12

What are the possible signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 12

peritonsillar abscess, possible rheumatic fever

Question 13

What are the symptoms of a peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 13

severe pain, most commonly unilateral

Question 14

What is infectious mononucleuosis also known as?

Answer 14

mono, epstein-barr virus, kissing disease

Question 15

What are the features of mono?

Answer 15

fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, exudative pharyngitis, splenomegaly

Question 16

What percent of time does someone with mono have splenomegaly?

Answer 16

50-100%

Question 17

What must people with mono stop if they have splenomegaly?

Answer 17

contact sports

Question 18

What is the recovery period for mono?

Answer 18

4-12 weeks

Question 19

How is mono transmitted?

Answer 19

saliva

Question 20

How does one acquire acute laryngitis?

Answer 20

inhalation of an irritating agent (microbes, chemical [GERD], allergies)

Question 21

What are the signs and symptoms of acute laryngitis?

Answer 21

pharyngitis, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia, cold or flu like symptoms

Question 22

How does one contract acute laryngitis from TB?

Answer 22

cough up sputum, infects larynx

Question 23

What are the alternative forms of laryngitis?

Answer 23

tuberculous, diptheritic

Question 24

What bacteria is diptheria caused by?

Answer 24

corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 25

Corynebacterium diptheria is what kind of toxin? What does it cause?

Answer 25

exotoxin, which causes mucosal necrosis

Question 26

What are some signs of diptheria?

Answer 26

fibropurulent exudate, "dirty grey" pseudomembranes

Question 27

Why is diptheria a concern?

Answer 27

airway obstruction, exotoxins can cause myocarditis or peripheral neuropathy

Question 28

Is diptheria a medical emergency?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

What is the treatment for diptheria?

Answer 29

IV antitoxins, antibiotics, cardiac monitoring, possible intubaction to open up the airway

Question 30

What is the other name for laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 30

croup

Question 31

What kind of disease is laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 31

self-limiting viral upper respiratory tract infection

Question 32

What causes croup?

Answer 32

parainfluenza virus (MC), or RSV

Question 33

What are the signs and symptoms of croup?

Answer 33

prominent stridor (high-pitched wheezing), harsh and persistent cough "seal bark", possible airway obstruction

Question 34

What is the treatmetn for croup?

Answer 34

warm, moist air if severe, supplemental oxygen, intubation

Question 35

What risks are there with croup?

Answer 35

secondary bacterial infection of staphylococcus, streptococcus, H. influenzae

Question 36

What is a vocal cord polyp?

Answer 36

a small, round nodule on the vocal cords

Question 37

What causes vocal cord polyps?

Answer 37

chronic irritation

Question 38

Who gets vocal cord polyps?

Answer 38

smokers and singers

Question 39

What can happen with vocal cord polyps?

Answer 39

they may ulcerate causing hemoptysis

Question 40

What is a laryngeal papilloma?

Answer 40

a raspberry-like growth on the vocal cords

Question 41

What covers laryngeal papillomas?

Answer 41

squamous cells

Question 42

What caues laryngeal papilloma?

Answer 42

HPV-6 or HPV-11

Question 43

What can possibly happen if laryngeal papilloma isn't treated?

Answer 43

possible ulceration or airway obstruction

Question 44

Can laryngeal papillomas recur after excision?

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

How common is laryngeal carcinoma?

Answer 45

rare (2% of all cancer diagnoses)

Question 46

What is the most common type of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 46

95% are squamous cell carcinoma

Question 47

What are the risks for laryngeal cancer?

Answer 47

>40 years, smoking, male, alcohol, irradiation, asbestos, carcinogens

Question 48

What is the hallmark of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 48

persistent hoarseness (1-2 weeks)

Question 49

What is the prognosis of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 49

it depends on the lymphatic involement

Question 50

What is the treatment for laryngeal cancer?

Answer 50

surgery, radiation

Question 51

How many laryngeal carinomas are fatal? How?

Answer 51

1/3, most commonly from lower respiratory tract infection or widespread metastases

Question 52

What do the tumors look like in laryngeal carcinoma/

Answer 52

pearly grey, wrinkled, ulcerations, necrosis

Question 53

Describe supraglottic cancer.

Answer 53

20-40% of all tumors, ~30% have metastasized at diagnosis

Question 54

Describe glottic cancer.

Answer 54

60-70% of all tumors, ~10% have metastasized at diagnosis

Question 55

Describe subglottic cancer.

Answer 55

very rare