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Systems Pathology Final > Lungs part 5 > Flashcards

Lungs part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute respiratory infection also known as?

A

common cold

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2
Q

How long does an acute respiratory infection last?

A

5-10 days

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection?

A

nasal congestion/discharge, sneezing, pharyngitis, fever, possible bacterial otitis media or sinusitis

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4
Q

Who commonly gets acute respiratory infections? When?

A

children in the fall and winter

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5
Q

What percentage of acute respiratory infections are from unknown origins?

A

40%

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6
Q

If an acute respiratory infection is viral, what viruses caused it?

A

rhinovirus, coronavirus, RSV, influenza

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7
Q

If an acute respiratory infection is bacterial, what bacterial caused it?

A

haemophilus influenzae, group A beta hemolytic strep (strep pyogenes)

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8
Q

Where do we see acute respiratory infections?

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis

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9
Q

What usually accompanies the common cold?

A

acute pharyngitis

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10
Q

Acute pharyngitis is caused by what?

A

various microbes

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11
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis is par of what group of acute respiratory infections?

A

group A beta hemolytic streptococci

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12
Q

What are the possible signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

peritonsillar abscess, possible rheumatic fever

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of a peritonsillar abscess?

A

severe pain, most commonly unilateral

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14
Q

What is infectious mononucleuosis also known as?

A

mono, epstein-barr virus, kissing disease

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15
Q

What are the features of mono?

A

fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, exudative pharyngitis, splenomegaly

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16
Q

What percent of time does someone with mono have splenomegaly?

A

50-100%

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17
Q

What must people with mono stop if they have splenomegaly?

A

contact sports

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18
Q

What is the recovery period for mono?

A

4-12 weeks

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19
Q

How is mono transmitted?

A

saliva

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20
Q

How does one acquire acute laryngitis?

A

inhalation of an irritating agent (microbes, chemical [GERD], allergies)

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21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute laryngitis?

A

pharyngitis, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia, cold or flu like symptoms

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22
Q

How does one contract acute laryngitis from TB?

A

cough up sputum, infects larynx

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23
Q

What are the alternative forms of laryngitis?

A

tuberculous, diptheritic

24
Q

What bacteria is diptheria caused by?

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

25
Q

Corynebacterium diptheria is what kind of toxin? What does it cause?

A

exotoxin, which causes mucosal necrosis

26
Q

What are some signs of diptheria?

A

fibropurulent exudate, “dirty grey” pseudomembranes

27
Q

Why is diptheria a concern?

A

airway obstruction, exotoxins can cause myocarditis or peripheral neuropathy

28
Q

Is diptheria a medical emergency?

A

yes

29
Q

What is the treatment for diptheria?

A

IV antitoxins, antibiotics, cardiac monitoring, possible intubaction to open up the airway

30
Q

What is the other name for laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

croup

31
Q

What kind of disease is laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

self-limiting viral upper respiratory tract infection

32
Q

What causes croup?

A

parainfluenza virus (MC), or RSV

33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of croup?

A

prominent stridor (high-pitched wheezing), harsh and persistent cough “seal bark”, possible airway obstruction

34
Q

What is the treatmetn for croup?

A

warm, moist air

if severe, supplemental oxygen, intubation

35
Q

What risks are there with croup?

A

secondary bacterial infection of staphylococcus, streptococcus, H. influenzae

36
Q

What is a vocal cord polyp?

A

a small, round nodule on the vocal cords

37
Q

What causes vocal cord polyps?

A

chronic irritation

38
Q

Who gets vocal cord polyps?

A

smokers and singers

39
Q

What can happen with vocal cord polyps?

A

they may ulcerate causing hemoptysis

40
Q

What is a laryngeal papilloma?

A

a raspberry-like growth on the vocal cords

41
Q

What covers laryngeal papillomas?

A

squamous cells

42
Q

What caues laryngeal papilloma?

A

HPV-6 or HPV-11

43
Q

What can possibly happen if laryngeal papilloma isn’t treated?

A

possible ulceration or airway obstruction

44
Q

Can laryngeal papillomas recur after excision?

A

yes

45
Q

How common is laryngeal carcinoma?

A

rare (2% of all cancer diagnoses)

46
Q

What is the most common type of laryngeal cancer?

A

95% are squamous cell carcinoma

47
Q

What are the risks for laryngeal cancer?

A

> 40 years, smoking, male, alcohol, irradiation, asbestos, carcinogens

48
Q

What is the hallmark of laryngeal cancer?

A

persistent hoarseness (1-2 weeks)

49
Q

What is the prognosis of laryngeal cancer?

A

it depends on the lymphatic involement

50
Q

What is the treatment for laryngeal cancer?

A

surgery, radiation

51
Q

How many laryngeal carinomas are fatal? How?

A

1/3, most commonly from lower respiratory tract infection or widespread metastases

52
Q

What do the tumors look like in laryngeal carcinoma/

A

pearly grey, wrinkled, ulcerations, necrosis

53
Q

Describe supraglottic cancer.

A

20-40% of all tumors, ~30% have metastasized at diagnosis

54
Q

Describe glottic cancer.

A

60-70% of all tumors, ~10% have metastasized at diagnosis

55
Q

Describe subglottic cancer.

A

very rare

Systems Pathology Final (5 decks)

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