Lungs and Pleura Flashcards
Pleura
thin membrane of fibrous tissue
mesothelium
layer of flat cells covering the pleura
where is the parietal pleura
lines thoracic wall (seperated by endothoracic fascia)
What does the parietal layer of the pleura attach to
the inferior surface of the suprapleural membrane, at the thoracic inlet, and to the mediastinal surface of the fibrous pericardium
why does the parietal pleura extend firther than the bottom of the lung
to allow for lung expansion
what is the costodiaphragmatic recess
the space seperating the costal parietal pleura from the diaphragmatic parietal pleura
what arteries supply the parietal pleura
intercostal, internal thoracic and musculophrenic arteries
where is the venous drainage of the pleura
to the azygos system of veins.
where do the lynphatics of the pleura drain to
the intercostal, parasternal, diaphragmatic and posterior mediastinal nodes
what is parietal pleura senstivie to
pain, temperature, touch, and pressure
what nerves supply the costovertebral pleura
intercostal nerves
what nerves supply the diaphragmatic pleura
the phrenic nerve over the domes, and by the lower six intercostal nerves around its periphery
what nerve supplies the mediastinal pleura
phrenic nerve
what supplies the arterial supply and venous drainage of the visceral pleura
bronchial vessels
visceral pleura sensitivities
- sensitive to stretch
- insensitive to pain and touch
where does the visceral pleura recieve nerve supply from
autonomic nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus
how many lobes has the left lung got
2
how many lobes has the right lung got
3
what is the root of the lung
The region of the mediastinum where the lung is connected to the trachea and heart
what is the hilum
The region of the lung where the bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter or leave
1
anterior border
2
costal surface
3
apex
4
hilum
5
bronchus
6
pulmonary artery
7
pulmonary vein
8
posterior border
9
mediatsinal surface
11
inferior border
12
diaphragmatic surface (base)
what is the oblique fissure
- vertical fissure
- divides lung into upper and lower lobes
what is the horizontal fissure
- horizontal fissure that makes the third lobe in the right lung
how long is the right main bronchus
2.5cm
how lung is the left main bronchus
5cm
what arteries supply the tissues of the bronchu
the bronchial arteries
what do the veins of the right main bronchus drain to
azygos vein
what do the veins of the left main bronchus drain to
the accessory hemiazygos vein
name three cells present in the tracheobronchial epithelium
- goblet
- cilliated
- clara
goblet cells function
secrete mucus
cilliated cells function
sweep debris
clara cells function
divide, differentiate, metabolize toxic chemicals
arterial supply of bronchial tree
bronchial arteries
how many bronchial arteries altogether
3
bronchial arteries on the left: amount and origin
two, direct branches of aorta
bronchial arteries on the right: amount and origin
one, third right posterior intercostal artery
where do the bronchial veins drain
nto the azygos vein on the right and the accessory hemiazygos on the left superficially, and into a main pulmonary vein from the deeper lung where it mixes with oxygenated blood
what is the capillary plxus
plexus in walls of alveoli which is fed with deoxygenated blood by the pulmonary artery
where do the lymphatic vessels inside the lung originate
a superficial subpleural plexus and a deep submucosal plexus
where do the lynphatic vessels inside the lung drain to
bronchopulmonary nodes
where do lymphatics from the bronchopulmonary nodes proceed to drain to
Lymphatics from the upper and middle lobes drain to superior, and those from the lower lobes to inferior, tracheobronchial nodes
nerve supply inside the lung
autonomic nerves from pulmonary plexus
where do the parasympathetic nerves orginate
pulmonary plexus
vagus nerve
where do the sympathetic nerves originate from
pulmonary plexus
sympathetic trunk
functions of pulmonary plexux
- Parasympathetic: dilate blood vessels/constrict bronchi
- Sympathetic: constrict blood vessels/dilate bronchi
- Supply visceral pleura
