Lungs and Blood

Question 1

Normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when no extra effort is applied (— mg)

Answer 1

Tidal Volume

500 mg

Question 2

Additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after TV

Answer 2

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Question 3

Additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after passive expiration

Answer 3

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 4

Equation for vital capacity

Answer 4

VC = IRV + ERV + TV

VC = TLV - RV

Question 5

Air remaining in lungs after max exhalation

Answer 5

Residual Volume

Question 6

The max air in a lung =

Answer 6

Total Lung Capacity = IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Question 7

Max air inspired (limited by elastic recoil of lung) =

Answer 7

Inspiratory Capacity = IRV + TV

Question 8

Air remaining in lungs after normal passive expiration =

Answer 8

Functional Residual Capacity = ERV + RV

Question 9

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation =

Answer 9

Vital Capacity = IRV + ERV + TV

Question 10

What is the epithelium of respiratory tract?

Answer 10

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 11

Stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer) of the lungs is carried by - - - - - to prevent - - - - - .

Answer 11

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Prevent over-inflation

Question 12

What produces mucous in the lungs/ non-ciliated bronchiolar secretory cells that make GAGs to protect the bronchiole lining?

Answer 12

Clara Cells

Question 13

How do Obstructive Lung Diseases (Emphysema, Asthma) affect compliance?

Answer 13

Compliance goes UP

“Pliable lung”

Question 14

How do Restrictive Lung Diseases (Fibrosis, TB, Asbestosis) affect compliance?

Answer 14

Compliance goes DOWN

“stiff lung”

Question 15

Which organ is most likely to undergo red infarction?

Answer 15

Lung

• Loose tissues that allow RBC to collect in the infarcted zone.
  
  • Testis, ovary, SI
• White Infarcts affect solid organs …
  
  • Spleen, heart, kidneys

Question 16

What conditions can lead to Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 16

Emphysema, COPD, asthma, etc.

Question 17

After metabolic or respiratory acidosis, which abnormality of electrolytes is more likely?

Answer 17

Hyperkalemia

Question 18

Inspiration is a active process requiring muscular effort. The — is used mostly at rest. What are the accesssory muscles are used on forced inspiration?

Answer 18

Diaphragm

• Scalene
• SCM
• Trapezium
• External intercostals

Question 19

Expiration is usually a passive process due to —.

Answer 19

Lung recoil

Question 20

What are the accessory muscles of forcible expiration?

Answer 20

• Abdominal
• Internal Intercostals

Question 21

Intrapleural & alveolar pressure decrease with - - -, and increase with - - -.

Answer 21

• Inspiration = decrease
• Expiration = increase