Lungs

Question 1

chest cavities containing lungs are lined by what?

Answer 1

lined by pleura, this is a single layer covering the whole cavity but when on surface of the lung called visceral pleura and when on chest wall called parietal pleura

Question 2

where is pleural cavity?

Answer 2

The pleural cavity is the area that lies between the parietal pleura (outer layer), that is attached to the chest wall and the visceral pleura (inner layer) that is attached to the lungs. The pleural cavity’s (serrous fluid) role is to cushion the expansion and contraction of the lungs while ensuring it does so smoothly with the aid of the lubricating fluid

Question 3

what does hilum contain?

Answer 3

one pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
bronchus

Question 4

What nerves supply parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 4

all the surface of pleura is supplied by autonomic nerves and all of the surface of the pleura which lines the thoracic cavity is supplied by somatic nerves.

Question 5

lobes of the lung

Answer 5

left lung (2 lobes) superior and inferior
right lung (3 lobes) superior, middle and inferior

Question 6

what are the three surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 6

Costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic

Question 7

what are oblique fissures?

Answer 7

oblique fissures divide the lobes of lungs
upper and lower lobe of left lung
the middle and lower lobe of the right lung and horizontal fissure divides the superior and middle lobe (right lung is bigger than left lung)

Question 8

lung divided into segments called

Answer 8

Broncho-pulmonary segment and each lobe has got its own branch and then each lobe has got different segments which are provided by separately if one section is damaged it doesn’t affect the whole lung

Question 9

which side of the lung will food go into by mistake?

Answer 9

right lung because the right bronchi are shorter, bigger and vertical than the left bronchi which is thinner and longer

Question 10

where is the apex of lung lie?

Answer 10

it is at top above medial end of the clavicle, 2 fingers from the midclavicular line or 3cm.

Question 11

surface marking of the lung from the bottom?

Answer 11

the lower extent of the lung, 6th rib anteriorly, 8th rib midaxillary line and 10th rib posteriorly
pleural cavity covering (8,10,12ribs) as it covers the lung so two ribs up

Question 12

innervation of lungs

S and PS nerves from the pulmonary plexus supply smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, vessels and mucous membrane

Answer 12

1. parasympathetic (medulla oblongata) from vagus (bronchoconstriction)
2. Sympathetic (T1 to T4 spinal cord) from phrenic (causes bronchodilation)
3. visceral efferent (sensory nerve)

Question 13

phrenic and vagus nerves

Answer 13

Phrenic nerve:

Question 14

what is costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 14

it is formed at the junction between costal and diaphramatic pleura. this recess is not filled with lung except during forced inspiration.accumulation of fluid in this space is called pleural effusion.

Question 15

blood supply of the lungs

Answer 15

1. bronchial arteries supply walls of bronchi
2. pulmonary arteries transport deoxygenated blood to alveolar capillaries. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to left atrium.

Question 16

what is ligamentum arteriosum?

Answer 16

it is the fibrous band that connects the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch. it is the remnant of ductus arteriosum in the fetus which supplies blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta bypassing the lungs