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Anatomy Class MD1 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Lungs

A
  • Organs of respiration

- light soft and elastic

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2
Q

Function of Lungs

A

Oxygenation of blood

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3
Q

Location of lungs

A

-In the chest on either side of the mediastinum

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4
Q

Pleural Cavity

A
  • Surrounds each lung

- Formed by the visceral and parietal pleura

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5
Q

Lung Root

A
  • Suspends the lungs from the mediastinum

- Pulmonary Ligament

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6
Q

Left lung medial surface lies close to :

A

Heart
Arch of aorta
Thoracic aorta
Oesophagus

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7
Q

Right lung medial surface lies close to :

A 
Oesophagus 
Heart
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Azygous vein
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8
Q

Apex of lungs

A
  • Superior end of the lung
  • Oblique to the thoracic inlet
  • projects upwards above the level of the first costal cartilage
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9
Q

Base of lungs

A
  • Inferior surface of the lung
  • concave
  • rests on the convex surface of the diaphragm
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10
Q

Lobes

A

Separated b fissures within the lung

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11
Q

Surfaces

A
  • Costal
  • medial /mediastinal
  • Inferior/ diaphragmatic
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12
Q

Borders

A
  • Anterior
  • inferior
  • Posterior
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13
Q

Oblique Fissure

A
  • Runs from the inferior border of the lung in a superoposterior direction, until it meets the posterior lung border.
  • runs from 2nd thoracic vertebra posteriorly to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly,
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14
Q

Horizontal Fissure

A
  • Runs horizontally from the sternum, at the level of the 4th rib, to meet the oblique fissure.
  • runs from oblique fissure at midaxillary line along 4th rib to its costal cartilage anteriorly.
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15
Q

Right Lung

A
  • slightly larger
  • 3 lobes (superior, middle & inferior)
  • Oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe from the other 2
  • horizontal fissure separates the superior fissure from the middle lobe
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16
Q

Contents of lung root

A
  • Maint stem /lobar bronchi
  • Pulmonary vessels and bronchi
  • Bronchial vessels , Lymphatics , and autonomic nerves
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17
Q

Hilum of lungs

A

Connects the mediastinal surface to the heart

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18
Q

Structures that enter and leave the Hilum

A

-Principal/primary bronchus
-Pulmonary artery
-2 Pulmonary veins
-Bronchial arteries
Pulmonary plexus
Lymph vessels & nodes

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19
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle

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20
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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21
Q

Bronchial arteries

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the descending aorta and veins

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22
Q

Mediastinal surface

A
  • posterior part->thoracic vertebrae

- Anterior part -> accommodates heart

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23
Q

Why is the concavity deeper in the right lung?

A

Due to the higher position of the right dome overlying the liver.

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24
Q

Cardiac impression

A

Much larger on the left leg than the right because of the position of the heart

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25
Q

Costal surface

A
  • Smooth and convex

- faces the internal surface of chest wall

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26
Q

Diaphragmatic surface

A

Formed by the base of the lungs

27
Q

Anterior border

A

Formed by the convergence of the mediastinal and costal surfaces.

28
Q

Cardiac notch

A

A deep notch created by the apex of the heart

29
Q

Inferior border

A

Separates the base of the lung from the costal and mediastinal surfaces.

30
Q

Posterior Border

A
  • Smooth ad rounded

- Formed by the costal and mediastinal surfaces meeting posteriorly

31
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

32
Q

The right lung contains a horizontal fissure. What rib does this fissure follow the course of?

A

4th

33
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs comes from what nerve?

A

Vagus

34
Q

Which of the following is a sympathetic response in the lungs?

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

35
Q

Pulmonary plexuses

A

Where the nerves of the lungs derive from

36
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • Vagus nerve
  • stimulate secretion from bronchial glands
  • contraction of bronchia smooth muscle
  • Vasodilation of pulmonary vessels
37
Q

Sympathetic

A
  • sympathetic trunks
  • relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
  • vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels
38
Q

Visceral Afferent

A

Conducts pain impulses to the sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve

39
Q

Venous drainage

A

The right bronchial vein drains into the azygos vein

-The left drains into the accessory hemiazygos vein.

40
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Series of passages that supplies air to the alveoli of the lungs

41
Q

Branches of the Bronchial Tree

A

Trachea -> Primary bronchi
-> Secondary bronchi -> Tertiary bronchi -> Conducting Bronchioles -> Terminal bronchioles -> Respiratory bronchioles -> Alveoli

42
Q

Right Bronchus

A

Has a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation due to its wider shape and more vertical course.

43
Q

Trachea

A
  • Lower border of circuit cartilage
  • continuation of larynx
  • level of C6 to T4/5
  • Divides into a left and right Bronchus at the level of the sternal angle
44
Q

Carina

A

Hook of the lowest ring of cartilage of the trachea

45
Q

Primary Bronchi

A
  • T4/5

- Right is wider and more vertical than left

46
Q

Secondary Bronchi

A

a. k.a Lobar Bronchi
- formed within lungs
- supplies the lobes of the lungs

47
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A

a. k.a Segmental bronchi
- Provides air to bronchopulmonary segment
- 10 segments in each lung

48
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments

A
  • Pyramidal shaped
  • Largest functional lobe
  • Bronchioles & terminal bronchioles
49
Q

Alveoli

A

Site of gaseous exchange

50
Q

The trachea is a continuation of what upper respiratory tract structure?

A

Larynx

51
Q

At what vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4

52
Q

The trachea receives sensory innervation from what nerve?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

How many right lobar bronchi are there?

A

3

54
Q

Which part of the tracheobronchial tree contains club cells?

A

bronchioles

55
Q

How many alveoli are there, on average, in an adult?

A

300 million

56
Q

Parts of parietal pleura

A
  • costal part
  • diaphragmatic part
  • mediastinal part
  • cervical part
57
Q

Parts of end-thoracic fascia

A
  • Costal Part:
  • Diaphragmatic: Phrenico-Pleural Fascia
  • Mediastinal Part:
  • Cervical Part: Suprapleural Membrane (Sibson’s Fascia) – C7 Transverse Process to Rib 1
58
Q

Pleural Recesses

A

Space between lines of parietal pleural reflection and the corresponding margins of lungs

59
Q

Drainage of the BP segements

A

Inter-segmental pulmonary veins

60
Q

Blood Supple to the BP

A

Supplied by Segmental Bronchi, Tertiary Pulmonary Artery and Bronchial Artery

61
Q

Conducting Bronchioles

A

20-25 generations

-Lack cartilage

62
Q

Terminal Bronchiole

A
  • End of each conducting bronchiole

- only gas exchange

63
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Several generations

-Gas Transport + Exchange

64
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

-From each respiratory bronchiole 11-12 AD are given off

Anatomy Class MD1 (10 decks)

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