Lungs Flashcards
Lungs
-to oxygenate blood
-thorax on either side of mediastinum
-pink color-ppl in clean environment
Dark and motteld-ppl in polluted area
-conical shape
-in pleural sac
-separated by heart and vessels in middles mediastinum
-lungs attached to heart and trachea by pulmonary artery,pulmonary Vein,main bronchi
Parts of lungs
Apex,at upper end
Base,resting on diaphragm
3borders anterior, Posterior, inferior
2surfaces
Costal and medial
Apex of lung
Rounded superior end
Covered by cervical pleura and suprapleural membrane
Base of lungs
Concave diaphragmmatic structure
Base of right lung is deeper. Reason?
Right dome is in superior position bcz of liver inferior to it
Anterior border
On the right side,vertical
Anterior border of left lung has wide cardiac notch,uncovering heart and pericardium
Below notch-lingula, tongue shaped projection
Posterior border
Thick
C7 to C10
Inferior border
Separate base from costal and medial surfaces
Surfaces-costal and medial
Costal-large and convex
Related to pleura and thoracic wall
Medial-posterior vertebral part (vertebral column)and anterior/mediastinal part(mediastinal structures and hilum
Mediastinal surface
Right lung
Structures-hilum,cardiac impression,superior venacava,ascending aorta ,groove for inferior venacava
Lobes and fissures
Right lung-upper,middle and lower by
2 fissures-oblique fissures and horizontal fissure
Left lung-2lobes,upper(cardiac notch and lingula)and lower-oblique fissure
Root of the lungs
-short broad predicted
-connects medial surface with mediastinum
-at hilum, entering and leaving structure
-hilum (mediastinal surface of lungs which structures enters or leaves)
Components of root of lung
1,Prncpl bronchus (left lung) and epasterial &hypasterial bronchi (right lung)
2,pulmonary artery
3,pulmonary veins
4,bronchial arteries
5,bronchial veins
6,lymphatic of the lungs
7,anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus of nerves
Bronchopulmonary segments
1o bronchus-enter hilum-divides repeatedly
3o bonchi called segmental bronchi
Pulmonary artery-divides-connect with division of bronchi
-entire segment constitute bronchoPulmonary segments
-independental units
-unit surrounded by connective tissue continuous with visceral pleura
Segments of right lungs
Upper lobe
-apical
-anterior
-Posterior
Middle lobe
-medial
-lateral
Lower lobe
-superior/apical
-medial basal
-anterior basal
-lateral basal
-Posterior basal
Segments of left lung
Left upper lobe (AAP,SI)
-apical
-anterior
-Posterior
-superior lingular
-inferior lingular
Lower lobe (IMPLA)
-apical
-medial basal
-inferior basal
-lateral basal
-Posterior basal
Arterial supply to lung
Bronchial and pulmonary arteries
Venous drainage
Bronchial and pulmonary veins
Lymphatic drainage
Superficial lymph vessels-drains intobronchopulmanory lymph nodes)
Deep lymph vesels (same but more deeply)
Nerve supply to lungs
By both sympathetic (from vagus nerve)
and parasympathetic nerve fibres (from T2 to T5 thoracic segments)
Applied aspects of lungs
Emphysema
Bronchial asthma-common disease of respiratory system
Emphysema in clinical aspect
Alveoli of lungs damaged by chemical released by pollutants
Symptoms:shortness of breath ,chest appears barrel shaped in chest radiograph
Trachea
-wide
-fibrocartilaginous
-forming in the beginning of respiratory tract
-length 11 to 12 cm
-16vto 20 Cshaped rings of hyalin cartilage patent (opened not forcibly)to lumen
-upper half ,neck(lower border of the cricoid cartilage)
-lower part,thorax (lower border T4 vertebrae )
-tubular structure
-flattened Posterior wall
How much trachea is extented
-starts at lower border of crecoid cartilage (C6 vertebrae)as continuation of larynx
-end at sternal angle (disc bw T4andT5 Posteriorly)dividing into left and right bronchi
