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Anatomy > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Lungs

A

-to oxygenate blood
-thorax on either side of mediastinum
-pink color-ppl in clean environment
Dark and motteld-ppl in polluted area
-conical shape
-in pleural sac
-separated by heart and vessels in middles mediastinum
-lungs attached to heart and trachea by pulmonary artery,pulmonary Vein,main bronchi

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2
Q

Parts of lungs

A

Apex,at upper end
Base,resting on diaphragm
3borders anterior, Posterior, inferior

2surfaces
Costal and medial

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3
Q

Apex of lung

A

Rounded superior end
Covered by cervical pleura and suprapleural membrane

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4
Q

Base of lungs

A

Concave diaphragmmatic structure

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5
Q

Base of right lung is deeper. Reason?

A

Right dome is in superior position bcz of liver inferior to it

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6
Q

Anterior border

A

On the right side,vertical
Anterior border of left lung has wide cardiac notch,uncovering heart and pericardium
Below notch-lingula, tongue shaped projection

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7
Q

Posterior border

A

Thick
C7 to C10

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8
Q

Inferior border

A

Separate base from costal and medial surfaces

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9
Q

Surfaces-costal and medial

A

Costal-large and convex
Related to pleura and thoracic wall

Medial-posterior vertebral part (vertebral column)and anterior/mediastinal part(mediastinal structures and hilum

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10
Q

Mediastinal surface

A

Right lung
Structures-hilum,cardiac impression,superior venacava,ascending aorta ,groove for inferior venacava

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11
Q

Lobes and fissures

A

Right lung-upper,middle and lower by
2 fissures-oblique fissures and horizontal fissure

Left lung-2lobes,upper(cardiac notch and lingula)and lower-oblique fissure

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12
Q

Root of the lungs

A

-short broad predicted
-connects medial surface with mediastinum
-at hilum, entering and leaving structure
-hilum (mediastinal surface of lungs which structures enters or leaves)

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13
Q

Components of root of lung

A

1,Prncpl bronchus (left lung) and epasterial &hypasterial bronchi (right lung)
2,pulmonary artery
3,pulmonary veins
4,bronchial arteries
5,bronchial veins
6,lymphatic of the lungs
7,anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus of nerves

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14
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments

A

1o bronchus-enter hilum-divides repeatedly
3o bonchi called segmental bronchi

Pulmonary artery-divides-connect with division of bronchi
-entire segment constitute bronchoPulmonary segments

-independental units
-unit surrounded by connective tissue continuous with visceral pleura

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15
Q

Segments of right lungs

A

Upper lobe
-apical
-anterior
-Posterior

Middle lobe
-medial
-lateral

Lower lobe
-superior/apical
-medial basal
-anterior basal
-lateral basal
-Posterior basal

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16
Q

Segments of left lung

A

Left upper lobe (AAP,SI)
-apical
-anterior
-Posterior
-superior lingular
-inferior lingular

Lower lobe (IMPLA)
-apical
-medial basal
-inferior basal
-lateral basal
-Posterior basal

17
Q

Arterial supply to lung

A

Bronchial and pulmonary arteries

18
Q

Venous drainage

A

Bronchial and pulmonary veins

19
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Superficial lymph vessels-drains intobronchopulmanory lymph nodes)
Deep lymph vesels (same but more deeply)

20
Q

Nerve supply to lungs

A

By both sympathetic (from vagus nerve)
and parasympathetic nerve fibres (from T2 to T5 thoracic segments)

21
Q

Applied aspects of lungs

A

Emphysema
Bronchial asthma-common disease of respiratory system

22
Q

Emphysema in clinical aspect

A

Alveoli of lungs damaged by chemical released by pollutants
Symptoms:shortness of breath ,chest appears barrel shaped in chest radiograph

23
Q

Trachea

A

-wide
-fibrocartilaginous
-forming in the beginning of respiratory tract
-length 11 to 12 cm
-16vto 20 Cshaped rings of hyalin cartilage patent (opened not forcibly)to lumen
-upper half ,neck(lower border of the cricoid cartilage)
-lower part,thorax (lower border T4 vertebrae )
-tubular structure
-flattened Posterior wall

24
Q

How much trachea is extented

A

-starts at lower border of crecoid cartilage (C6 vertebrae)as continuation of larynx
-end at sternal angle (disc bw T4andT5 Posteriorly)dividing into left and right bronchi

25
Q

Microscopic structure/layers from inside to outside

A

Mucosa -submucosa-cartilage &smooth muscle layer-pricondrium -fibrous membrane

26
Q

Layers of trachea

A

1,Mucosa
-lining epithelium, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
-lamina epithelium, longitudinal elastic fibres
2,submucosa
Loose areolar tissue, large no of serous and mucus gland
3,cartilage
Horse shoe shaped hyaline cortilaginous rings &smooth muscles
4,pericondrium
enclose cartilage
5,fibrous membrane
Dense connective tissue contains neuro vascular structure

27
Q

Different functions of the following

A

*Blood supply-inferior thyroid artery
*Venous drainage-left branchio cephalic vein
*Lymphatic drainage-pretracheal &paratracheal lymph nodes
*Nerve supply-parasympathetic &sympathetic

Anatomy (8 decks)

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