Lungs Flashcards
Name the structures that serve as the walls of the pleural cavities.
clavicle - mediastinum - diaphragm - ribs
Name the different parts of the parietal pleura.
clavicular region - “pleural cupula”, lined by cervical pleura
mediastinum - lined by mediastinal pleura
diaphragm region - lined by diaphragmatic pleura
ribs - lined by costal pleura
Name the structures found within the hila of the lungs.
- bronchi
- arteries and veins
- lymphatics
Name and locate the two major nerves which lie just under the mediastinal pleura.
Vagus nerve and phrenic nerve, both running superior-inferior under the mediastinal parietal pleura.
Vagus: posterior to hilum
Phrenic: anterior to hilum
Describe the roles of the vagus and phrenic nerves with regard to the functions of the lung.
Vagus: visceral sensory and visceral motor to lungs
Phrenic: somatic sensory and somatic motor to diaphragm muscle
Name the structures that cause the indentations evident on the surface of the right and left lungs.
Costal surfaces of both lungs have indentations of ribs separated by costal spaces.
Mediastinal surface of right lung:
- groove for esophagus
- groove for superior vena cava
- groove for the arch of the azygos vein
Mediastinal surface of left lung:
- groove for the aorta
- large cardiac impression
- sometimes impressions of arteries, especially left subclavian
How many lobes does each lung have?
Right: 3
Left: 2
Name the fissures that separate the lobes of the lungs (right and left sides).
Both lungs have oblique fissures.
Right lung also has a horizontal fissure, between upper and middle lobes.
Name the muscles involved in inspiration.
- diaphragm: contraction causes it to descend
- external intercostals: contraction causes elevation of ribs
- scalenes of neck: contraction raises first and second ribs
Name the muscles involved in expiration.
Quiet expiration is a non-muscular activity (passive recoil of lungs)
Active expiration
- internal intercostals: contraction causes depression of ribs
- abdominal muscles: contractions cause ribs to descend
Name the primary bronchi of the right lung. Name the primary bronchi of the left lung.
right and left main bronchi
Name the secondary bronchi of the right lung. Name the secondary bronchi of the left lung.
Right: superior lobar bronchus, intermediate bronchus, inferior lobar bronchus
Left: Superior lobar bronchus, inferior lobar bronchus
Name the tertiary bronchi of the right lung.
Apical tertiary bronchus of the superior lobe of the right lung
Posterior
Anterior
Lateral tertiary bronchus of the middle lobe of the right lung
Medial
Superior tertiary bronchus of the inferior lobe of the right lung
Anterior basal
Medial basal
Lateral basal
Posterior basal
Name the tertiary bronchi of the left lung.
Apicoposterior tertiary bronchus of the superior lobe of the left lung
Anterior
Superior lingular tertiary bronchus of the superior lobe of the left lung
Inferior lingular
Superior tertiary bronchus of the inferior lobe of the left lung
Anteromedial basal bronchus of the inferior lobe of the left lung
Lateral basal
Posterior basal
What are the two sources of arterial blood for the bronchi and lungs? Describe their anatomy.
- bronchial arterial supply
- pulmonary arterial supply
Bronchial arterial supply: minor! One right and two left branch off descending aorta and bring fully oxygenated blood to trachea, primary, and secondary bronchi.
Pulmonary artery supply: major! carry non-oxygenated blood and serve the tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, and most of the lung tissue.
