Abdominal Organs & Abdominal Blood Vessels

Question 1

Name the arteries whose blood supplies define the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.

Answer 1

foregut (epigastric region): celiac trunk
midgut (umbilical region): superior mesenteric artery
hindgut (pubic region): inferior mesenteric artery

Question 2

Name the alimentary organs that comprise the foregut.

Answer 2

esophagus, stomach, liver, duodenum 1, duodenum 2

Question 3

Name the alimentary organs that comprise the midgut.

Answer 3

duodenum 3, duodenum 4, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon

Question 4

Name the alimentary organs that comprise the hindgut.

Answer 4

descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 5

Name the “ligaments” found within the abdominal cavity.

Answer 5

greater omentum (gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrophrenic ligament)

lesser omentum (hepatogastric ligament, hepatoduodenal ligament)

phrenicocolic ligament

mesenteries: transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesoappendix, mesentery of the small bowel

Question 6

What structures are associated with the gastrocolic ligament?

Answer 6

stretches between greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon

Question 7

What structures are associated with the gastrosplenic ligament?

Answer 7

greater curvature of the stomach and hilum of the spleen

Question 8

What structures are associated with the gastrophrenic ligament?

Answer 8

the portion of the greater omentum that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 9

What structures are associated with the hepatogastric ligament?

Answer 9

connects lesser curvature of stomach with liver

Question 10

What structures are associated with the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 10

The hepatoduodenal ligament is the portion of the lesser omentum extending between the porta hepatis of the liver and the superior part of the duodenum

Question 11

What structures are associated with the phrenicocolic ligament?

Answer 11

A fold of peritoneum, the phrenicocolic ligament is continued from the left colic flexure to the thoracic diaphragm opposite the tenth and eleventh ribs; it passes below and serves to support the spleen

Question 12

What structures are associated with the transverse mesocolon?

Answer 12

connects transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

Question 13

What structures are associated with the sigmoid mesocolon?

Answer 13

The sigmoid mesocolon is the fold of peritoneum which retains the sigmoid colon in connection with the pelvic wall

Question 14

What structures are associated with the mesoappendix?

Answer 14

The mesoappendix is the portion of the mesentery connecting the ileum to the appendix. It may extend to the tip of the appendix. It encloses the appendicular artery and vein, as well as lymphatic vessels, nerves, and often a lymph node

Question 15

What structures are associated with the mesentery of the small bowel?

Answer 15

The mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen

Question 16

What is the ligament of Treitz?

Answer 16

a suspensory muscle of the duodenum - serves to straighten out the duodenal-jejunal junction

Question 17

Name the two spaces within the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 17

Greater peritoneal sac

Lesser peritoneal sac (“omental bursa”)

Question 18

Name the 2 compartments of the greater peritoneal sac.

Answer 18

Supracolic compartment

Infracolic compartment

Question 19

Name the 2 subdivisions of the lesser peritoneal sac.

Answer 19

Superior recess

Inferior recess

Question 20

What is the “window” that connects the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs?

Answer 20

Omental foramen (of Winslow)

Question 21

What are the 10 sets of vessels that arise from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 21

2-1-2-1-2 2-1-2-1
inferior phrenic arteries (2)
celiac trunk (1)
middle suprarenal arteries (2)
superior mesenteric artery (1)
renal arteries (2)
gonadal arteries (2)
inferior mesenteric artery (1)
lumbar arteries (8)
common iliac arteries (2)
medial sacral artery (1)

Question 22

What structures are associated with the phrenicoesophageal ligament?

Answer 22

esophagus & diaphragm