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PANCE catch phrases > lungs > Flashcards

lungs Flashcards

1
Q
  • 3 D’s: dysphagia, drooling, distress
  • Odynophagia, inspiratory stridor
  • Tripoding
  • Muffled “hot potato” voice
  • Thumbprint sign on cervical x-rays
A

Epiglottitis

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2
Q

Blunting of costophrenic angles on CXR

A

Pleural effusion

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3
Q
  • Chronic cough with sputum production
  • Productive cough x 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
  • Dyspnea
  • History of smoking (common)
  • PFT: decreased FEV1, decreased FEV1/FVC < 70%
  • Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit (erythrocytosis)
  • Respiratory acidosis
A

Chronic bronchitis

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4
Q
  • Difficulty in ventilating patient
  • Hyperresonance to chest percussion over affected side
  • Decreased breath sounds on affected side
  • Tracheal shift to contralateral side (very late, premortem)
  • Jugular venous distention (late sign)
A

Tension pneumothorax

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5
Q
  • Dyspnea
  • History of smoking (common)
  • Decreased breath sounds
  • Barrel chest
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • PFT: decreased FEV1, decreased FEV1/FVC < 70%
  • CXR: flattening of diaphragm, increased AP diameter, decreased vascular markings
A

Emphysema

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6
Q
  • Dyspnea
  • Wheezing
  • Cough (nocturnal)
  • Decreased FEV1
A

Asthma

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7
Q
  • Exploring caves/exposure to bird or bat guano
  • Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
  • Atypical pneumonia features (like walking pneumonia) or flu symptoms
A

Histoplasmosis

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8
Q
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Exposure to birds
A

Psittacosis

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9
Q
  • History of work in shipyards, construction, insulation
  • Pleural plaques on CXR
  • “Shaggy heart” on CXR
  • Restrictive pattern on PFT: normal or increased FEV1/FVC, normal or decreased FEV1, decreased lung volumes
A

Asbestosis (bronchogenic carcinoma or mesothelioma)

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10
Q
  • HIV positive
  • Dyspnea on exertion
  • Fever
  • Nonproductive cough
  • Oxygen desaturation with ambulation
  • Diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates
  • Increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

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11
Q
  • Honeycombing (reticular opacities on CXR)
  • Ground glass opacification on CT scan
  • Restrictive pattern on PFT: normal or increased FEV1/FVC, normal or decreased FEV1, decreased lung volumes
A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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12
Q
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Increased with movement and deep breathing
  • Reproducible point tenderness
  • Absence of palpable edema
A

Costochondritis

(AKA: Tiezte syndrome if there is palpable edema)

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13
Q
  • Pneumonia
  • Alcoholism
  • Purple-colored (currant jelly) sputum
  • Cavitary lesions on CXR
A

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

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14
Q
  • Pneumonia
  • Fever
  • Chills and rigors
  • Blood-tinged “rusty” phlegm
A

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

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15
Q
  • Pneumonia
  • Immunocompromised and age extremes
A

Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia

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16
Q
  • Pneumonia
  • Contaminated water source (AC unit, cooling units and towers, Jacuzzi, pools)
  • GI symptoms (diarrhea)
  • Hyponatremia
  • Increased liver transaminases
  • Neurologic symptoms: headaches, confusion, altered mental status
A

Legionella pneumophila pneumonia

17
Q
  • Pneumonia symptoms with URI and pharyngitis prodrome
  • Previously young and healthy
  • No chills or rigors
  • Dry nonproductive cough
A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

(AKA: “walking pneumonia”)

18
Q
  • Refractory hypoxemia with no hypercarbia
  • Bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates (may spare costophrenic angles)
A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

19
Q
  • “Seal-like barking” cough
  • Inspiratory stridor
  • Hoarseness
  • Symptoms worse at night
  • “Steeple” Sign on cervical x-rays
A

Croup

(AKA: laryngotracheitis)

20
Q
  • Sudden onset of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and possible hemoptysis
  • Look for history of prolonged immobilization/venous stasis, intimal endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability (Virchow’s triad)
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
  • S1Q3T3 on ECG
A

Pulmonary embolism

21
Q
  • Sweat chloride test elevated
  • Meconium ileus (pathognomonic)
A

Cystic fibrosis

22
Q
  • Tram-track appearance on CT scan (thickened bronchial walls with airway dilation and lack of airway tapering)
  • Signet ring sign (increased airway diameter > adjacent vessel diameter)
  • Most commonly noted in cystic fibrosis or recurrent lung infections
A

Bronchiectasis

23
Q
A

PANCE catch phrases (6 decks)

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