Lung Volumes, Pressures, Histology

Question 1

haldane effect

Answer 1

hemoglobin becomes more acidic binding with oxygen

causes carbon dioxide and H+ protons to be expelled into the alveoli

Question 2

bohr effect

Answer 2

at lung: hemoglobin binds 4 O2 and releases H+, Co2, DPG, and decreases temp

at tissues: hemoglobin releases O2 ,binds to H+, Co2, DPG, increases temp

Question 3

normal breathing

500 ml

Answer 3

tidal volume

Question 4

what controls tidal volume

Answer 4

pneumotaxic center

Question 5

what limits inspirtation

Answer 5

stretch receptor fire when lung “full”

Question 6

when lungs are full what is fired

Answer 6

herring breuer reflex

Question 7

forced inspiration=

Answer 7

3000 ml

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Question 8

what does the inspiratory reserve volume shut off

Answer 8

herring breuer relfex

Question 9

apneustic center in pons shuts off

Answer 9

pneumotaxic center

Question 10

when pneumotaxic center is shut off this allows

Answer 10

deep breath, largest individual part of breathing

Question 11

forced expiration

Answer 11

1100 ml

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 12

what controls the expiratory reserve volume

Answer 12

rectus abdominus

Question 13

keeps lungs from collapsing

Answer 13

residual volume

1200 ml

Question 14

IRV+TV

Answer 14

inspiratory capacity

3500 ml

Question 15

ERV + RV

Answer 15

functional residual capcity

2300 ml

Question 16

IRV + TV +ERV

Answer 16

IC +ERV
4600 ml
vital capacity

Question 17

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Answer 17

total lung volume

5800 ml

Question 18

air in pulmonary tree not involved with gas exchange

Answer 18

dead space

Question 19

what is an example of dead space

Answer 19

air in bronchi

Question 20

what is respiration controlled by

Answer 20

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Question 21

what controls the throat

Answer 21

nucleus ambiquous

CN 9,10,11

Question 22

what are the two main throat muscles

Answer 22

pharynx and larynx

swallowing and gag reflex

Question 23

pressure inside alveoli

slightly negative, allows for normal quiet inspiraiton

Answer 23

alveolar pressure

Question 24

air pressue opposes alveolar pressure

Answer 24

atmospheric pressure

Question 25

pressure of fluid in thin space between lung pleura and the chest wall pleura negative pressure keeps lungs open to their resting level

Answer 25

pleural pressure

Question 26

difference between alveolar pressure and pleural pressure | measures elastic forces in lung aka recoil pressure

Answer 26

transpulmonary pressure

Question 27

how far the lungs will expand per unit of increased transpulmonary pressure

Answer 27

compliance

Question 28

what is compliance dependent on

Answer 28

1-elastic forces | 2-surface tension

Question 29

what does lack of surfactant at birth=

Answer 29

acute respiratory distress syndrome aka neonatal hyaline membrane disease

Question 30

what is the histology of the entire lung

Answer 30

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium | PCCE

Question 31

what is the histology of the alveolar sacs

Answer 31

simple squamous epithelium

Question 32

type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 32

gas exchange

Question 33

type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 33

surfactant | decrease surface tension

Question 34

dust cells

Answer 34

macrophages

Question 35

fluid in the lungs collects in the

Answer 35

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 36

trans pulmonic pressure

Answer 36

greatest at the bottom of inspiration

Question 37

water is how many more times absorbable than CO2

Answer 37

20x

Question 38

central chemoreceptors located in the brain stem primary and secondary to

Answer 38

primary sensitive to increase in CO2 | secondary sensitive to decrease in O2

Question 39

peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid body and aortic body are primary and secondary to

Answer 39

primary to decrease O2 | secondary to increase CO2