Lung Volume And Capacities Flashcards
Air from the Nose to Terminal Bronchioles (CONDUCTING zone) that does NOT undergo gas exchange
Normal value: 150 ml
ANATOMIC dead space
Air in the RESPIRATORY unit of the lung (RESPIRATORY ZONE) that does NOT undergo gas exchange due to V/Q mismatch
Normal value: 0 ml
ALVEOLAR dead space
Anatomic + Alveolar dead space
Normal value: 150 ml
PHYSIOLOGIC dead space
Bronchopulmonary segments (Segmental bronchi to alveoli)
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMIC unit of the lung
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
**ONLY 3 areas in the respiratory system capable of gas exchange
RESPIRATORY unit of the lung
Type of pneumocyte which is for GAS EXCHANGE
TYPE 1
For surfactant production
Type 2 Pneumocyte
It produces MUCUS for lubrication in the respiratory system
GOBLET cells
Produces protective GAGs and metabolize air-borne toxins
CLARA or CLUB cells
Alveolar macrophages
DUST cells
Air inspired over and above the tidal volume; utilized during exercise
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV)
Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during the relaxed state
Normal value: 500 ml (ANATOMIC dead space 150 ml + RESPI unit of the lung
TIDAL VOLUME
Amount of air EXHALED after expiration of tidal volume
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)
REMAINING AIR in the lungs after maximal exhalation
Also maintains oxygenation in between breaths
RESIDUAL volume
REmaining = REsidual
Tidal volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Inspiratory capacity
ERV + RV
Air in the lungs after expiring tidal volume
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)
Marker for LUNG FUNCTION
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
IRV + TV + ERV
VITAL CAPACITY
MAXIMUM volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled
VITAL CAPACITY
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
Can be measured by spirometry
VITAL CAPACITY (VC)
Remains in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)
In a maximal expiration, the total volume expired is
VITAL CAPACITY (VC)
Normal value for FEV1/FVC
0.8 or 80%
Has DECREASED FEV1/FVC ratio and INCREASED FRC
OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease (Asthma, COPD)
~ problems with EXPIRATION
Has INCREASED FEV1/FVC ratio and DECREASED FRC
RESTRICTIVE lung disease (Lung fibrosis)
~ Problems with INSPIRATION
Primary drive to breath in COPD patients
HYPOXIC drive (low PaO2 stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors)
PFT result in person with PULMONARY FIBROSIS (RESTRICTIVE lung disease)
DECREASING diffusing capacity of the lung
Drugs that can cause Interstitial lung disease/restrictive lung disease
Busulfan
Amiodarone
Methotrexate
