Lung Path

Question 1

PneumoThorax Define

Answer 1

Presence of Air in the pleural Cavitity
Accumulation of pressure-atelectasis

Question 2

Clincal Features of a Pneumothorax

Answer 2

sudden onset or pain/tighenss
Increasing SOB

Question 3

Pulmonary Embolism Define

Answer 3

occulsion of portion of pulomary vascular bed by an embolus

Question 4

Risk Factors of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 4

Venous Statis
Vessel Damage
Hypercoagulability

Question 5

Clinical Features of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 5

chest pain-Dyspnoea

Question 6

Define Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Answer 6

malignant tumor arising from respiraoty tract epithelium

Question 7

How does smoke as a carcinogen?

Answer 7

has Benzopyrene0induces tumor superessor gene TP53

Question 8

Loss of function p53 include

Answer 8

reduced destruction of pre-maglinant cells
* accumulation of genetic mutations
* Proliferations of cancer cell

Question 9

Process of Celluar change in Bronchogenic Carinoma

Answer 9

Metaplasia-Dysplasia-Carcinmona in situ- invasive carcinmoa

Question 10

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 10

Common Cold
Viral Sore Throat
Influenza

Question 11

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Answer 11

Influenza
Whooping Cough
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis

Question 12

PathoPhysiology of Infections Rhiniits

Answer 12

• Cold invades nasal septum
• Acute inflammation of nasal mucosa
• Vasuclar permeabiltiy
• mucous secretion
  *

Question 13

PathoPhysilogy of Influenza

Answer 13

virus binds to respiratory epithelium
* flu virus attracts
* cells destroyed
*

Question 14

Ssx of Influenza

Answer 14

• Fever
• Aches
• Mm Pain
• Joint Pain
• rapid onset

Question 15

What is anitbiotic Resistance

Answer 15

Bacteria has become resistant

Question 16

Clincal Features of a Whopping cough-last 6 weeks

Answer 16

• resembles common cold
• rapid consective coughs
• begins 4 weeks after onset

Question 17

Pneumoia Define

Answer 17

inflammation of the lung

Question 18

Clinical Signs of Consolidation

Answer 18

• Inspiratory Crackles
• Dullness to percussion
• Increased tactile fremitus

Question 19

Define Allergic Asthma

Answer 19

Hypsensitivity Reaction
Excessive amounts of Immunoglobulin E

Question 20

PathoPhysiology

Answer 20

• Intial Senstise
• Inflammatory
• Chemotic

Question 21

Casue of Asthma

Answer 21

Airway Obstruction that results in inflammation-receptor hyperresponsivenss and mucus hypersecretion

Question 22

Clincal Features of Asthma

Answer 22

SOB-Wheezing
Compenstory postures
Tachycardia
tachypnoea

Question 23

Management of Asthma

Answer 23

• Prevents-Seretide
• Relievers-Bta adregnic agonists receptors
• muscurnic receptors antagonists

Question 24

Chronic Bronchitis Define

Answer 24

cough least 3 weeks in at lesat 2 consective years

Question 25

PathoPhysilogy of Chonic Bronchitis

Answer 25

mcus hyperscretion/persistent inflammation

Question 26

Consequences of Chronic Bronchtis

Answer 26

Pulmonary Firbosos-recurre t infection-respiratyr faile

Question 27

empyshema

Answer 27

permanet distension of air spaces distal to the treminal bronciloles

Question 28

Patho-Physiology

Answer 28

Thinning of alveolar walls
Eventual Loss of alevor walls
Distension of remaing alveoi

Question 29

Chronic Bronchitis-Blue Bloaters ahve what difference?

Answer 29

dont maintain their ventilatory drive
cyanotic
right heart failure-due to pulmonary hypertension

Question 30

Epsynma-Pink Puffers have what diiferent

Answer 30

have respiratory drive
Barrel chest with mm wasting

Question 31

What is Sleep Apnoea

Answer 31

reperated episodes of complete or parital obsructions of the pharynx during sleepp

Question 32

risk factors of sleep apnoea

Answer 32

obesity
gender
smoking alchocol
thryoid conditons

Question 33

Pahthophysiology of Sleep Apnoea

Answer 33

• Pharyngeal tiise is blocked-preventing venitlation
• reduce luman
• tonsils adenoids may be enlarged