Lung Infections Flashcards
Acute bronchitis-
Most common etiologic agents
Dz course
Gross lung appearance
Normally viral- influenza, parainfluenza, or RSV
URI followed by a persistent cough
Gross findings- red bronchus with lots of slimy mucus
Brochiolitis etiology symptoms epidemiology Gross findings
Etiology- RSV
Sx- coughing and wheezing
Epi- children under 2
Gross: distinctly peribronchiolar inflammation
3 patterns of pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
atypical pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia- description
hard to detect patchy inflammation
Bronchopneumonia- etiology
Hospital acquired- Gram neg Staph Aureus Pseudomonas Anaerobes
Bronchopneumonia- RF
smoking
elderly
debilitated
Lobar pneumonia- description
Spreads through Pores of Kohn through the entire lobe
Lobar pneumonia- etiology
STREP PNEUMONIA
H. influenza
Legionella
Atypical pneumonia- what parts of lungs does it effect
interstitium and airways
Atypical pneumonia- etiology
viral and mycoplasma
Complications of pneumonia
Empyema- pus in the pleura, req drainage
Lung abscess- cavity filled with pus = liquefractive necrosis. Lung abscesses smell gross
Causes of lung abscesses
S. Aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Anaerobes
Aspiration pneumonia
septic emboli from endocarditis
bronchial obstruction –> poor drainage
Tb- what is the lesion
Caseating granulomas
Primary Tb
initial infection
normally asymptomatic
characterized by a Gohn Complex
Ghon Complex
combination of peripheral pulmonary lesion ( I have read so many dif locations for where this is, these TA notes say peripheral) and involves the hilar LN.
Secondary Tb
due to reactivation of the Ghon complex and spreading to a new site (pulmonary or extra-pulmonary)
May have cavitary lesions with scarring and calcification
Common pulmonary sites for secondary Tb
apices of the lung b/c of higher O2 content
Miliary Tb
Hematogenous spread to other organs or multiple lesions in the lung
Fungal lung infections
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Aspergillus
Histoplasmosis Region Sx lesion In what other organs are the lesions found
found in midwest generally asymptomatic lesion= fibrocaseous granulomas that are often calcified. May be multiple lesions Also often found in the spleen visible with Ag stain
Blastomycosis
region
lesion
appearance
region- SE and Ohio River valley
lesion- suppurative granulomas
appearance= broad based buds
Coccidiodomycosis
region
Sx
appearance
Region- SW US
often asymptomatic
Appearance- eggshell calcifications on x ray
Aspergillus
Appearance/ location
epidemiology
fungus ball in any cavity in the lungs or nasal sinuses
huge numbers of aspergillus in the fungus ball
Often seen in immunocompromised pts
HIV- think which lung infxn
Pneuocystis
Pneumocystis
Ground glass appearance on CXR
