Lung Infections

Question 1

Acute bronchitis-
Most common etiologic agents
Dz course
Gross lung appearance

Answer 1

Normally viral- influenza, parainfluenza, or RSV
URI followed by a persistent cough
Gross findings- red bronchus with lots of slimy mucus

Question 2

Brochiolitis
etiology
symptoms
epidemiology
Gross findings

Answer 2

Etiology- RSV
Sx- coughing and wheezing
Epi- children under 2
Gross: distinctly peribronchiolar inflammation

Question 3

3 patterns of pneumonia

Answer 3

Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
atypical pneumonia

Question 4

Bronchopneumonia- description

Answer 4

hard to detect patchy inflammation

Question 5

Bronchopneumonia- etiology

Answer 5

Hospital acquired- 
Gram neg
Staph Aureus
Pseudomonas
Anaerobes

Question 6

Bronchopneumonia- RF

Answer 6

smoking
elderly
debilitated

Question 7

Lobar pneumonia- description

Answer 7

Spreads through Pores of Kohn through the entire lobe

Question 8

Lobar pneumonia- etiology

Answer 8

STREP PNEUMONIA
H. influenza
Legionella

Question 9

Atypical pneumonia- what parts of lungs does it effect

Answer 9

interstitium and airways

Question 10

Atypical pneumonia- etiology

Answer 10

viral and mycoplasma

Question 11

Complications of pneumonia

Answer 11

Empyema- pus in the pleura, req drainage

Lung abscess- cavity filled with pus = liquefractive necrosis. Lung abscesses smell gross

Question 12

Causes of lung abscesses

Answer 12

S. Aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Anaerobes
Aspiration pneumonia
septic emboli from endocarditis
bronchial obstruction –> poor drainage

Question 13

Tb- what is the lesion

Answer 13

Caseating granulomas

Question 14

Primary Tb

Answer 14

initial infection
normally asymptomatic
characterized by a Gohn Complex

Question 15

Ghon Complex

Answer 15

combination of peripheral pulmonary lesion ( I have read so many dif locations for where this is, these TA notes say peripheral) and involves the hilar LN.

Question 16

Secondary Tb

Answer 16

due to reactivation of the Ghon complex and spreading to a new site (pulmonary or extra-pulmonary)
May have cavitary lesions with scarring and calcification

Question 17

Common pulmonary sites for secondary Tb

Answer 17

apices of the lung b/c of higher O2 content

Question 18

Miliary Tb

Answer 18

Hematogenous spread to other organs or multiple lesions in the lung

Question 19

Fungal lung infections

Answer 19

histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Aspergillus

Question 20

Histoplasmosis
Region
Sx
lesion
In what other organs are the lesions found

Answer 20

found in midwest
generally asymptomatic
lesion= fibrocaseous granulomas that are often calcified.  May be multiple lesions
Also often found in the spleen
visible with Ag stain

Question 21

Blastomycosis
region
lesion
appearance

Answer 21

region- SE and Ohio River valley
lesion- suppurative granulomas
appearance= broad based buds

Question 22

Coccidiodomycosis
region
Sx
appearance

Answer 22

Region- SW US
often asymptomatic
Appearance- eggshell calcifications on x ray

Question 23

Aspergillus
Appearance/ location
epidemiology

Answer 23

fungus ball in any cavity in the lungs or nasal sinuses
huge numbers of aspergillus in the fungus ball
Often seen in immunocompromised pts

Question 24

HIV- think which lung infxn

Answer 24

Pneuocystis

Question 25

Pneumocystis

Answer 25

Ground glass appearance on CXR