lung infection Flashcards
1
Q
what is pneumonia caused by?
most common?
A
often a combination of viruses which present as pneumonia-
the most common cause is streptococcus pneumoniae
- which causes the strep throat
2
Q
what are risk factors for pneumonia?
A
- demographic and lifestyle - factors
- social factors
- medications
- family history
- specific risk factors for certain pathogens
3
Q
what are investigations into pneumonia?
A
- chest radiograph
- blood tests
- arterial blood gases
- microbiological investigations
4
Q
what are the guidelines for diagnosing pneumonia?
A
- acute lower resp tract infections
- new focal chest signs
0 > 1 systemic feature (fever, shivers, aches, and pains) - no other explanation for illness
5
Q
what is the supportive therapy for pneumonia?
A
- oxygen
- fluids
- analgesia
6
Q
what is the immediate treatment of pneumonia?
A
- antibiotics
- as quickly as possible
7
Q
what is the effect of viruses on the lung?
A
- viral infection causes damage to the epithelium
- this leads to loss of cilia bacterial growth loss of chemoreceptors poor barrier to antigen
8
Q
what are common cold viruses?
A
- rhinovirus
- coronavirus
- influenza virus
- Parainfluenza viruses
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Adenoviruses
- Enteroviruses
9
Q
what causes severe flu?
A
- highly pathogenic strains
- absence of prior immunity
- predisposing illness / conditions ( frail elderly/ COPD, diabetes)
10
Q
diagram **
what causes severe diseases?
A
11
Q
compare the influenza and respiratory syncytial virus’ :
A
- influenza
- no re infection by the same strain
- imperfect vaccines
- RSV
- recurrent re infection with similar strains
- no vaccine
12
Q
what are clinical features of RSV bronchiolitis?
A
- chest wall retractions
- nasal flaring
- croupy cough
- wheezing
- tachypnea
- hypoxemia
