Lung Infection

Question 1

in which age group is lung infection most common?

Answer 1

children under the age of 2 and in the elderly

Question 2

what 2 types of pneumonia are there?

Answer 2

community acquired

hospital infections

Question 3

what causes community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 3

most of the cases, the bacteria is unidentified or that the test does not pick up
bacteria account for 11%
viruses account for 225

Question 4

give 3 examples of typical bacteria that cause community acquired pneumonia

Answer 4

strep pneumoniae
haemophilius influenza
straph. aureus

Question 5

give 3 examples of bacteria that cause hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 5

straph pneumonia (28%)
pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%)
klebsiella species (10%)

Question 6

give 3 examples of atypical pathogens for community acquired bacteria

Answer 6

mycoplasma pneumonia

chlamydia pneumonia

Question 7

what is the difference between atypical and typical bacteria?

Answer 7

atypical is not as common and is not covered by standard antibiotics

Question 8

why us a person more likely to get pneumonia?

Answer 8

age (greater than 65)
smoking
alcohol
old person coming into contact with young person
poverty
steroid suppresses antibacterial responses

Question 9

what investigations to do for patient with suspected pneumonia

Answer 9

chest x ray
blood test
arterial blood gas
sputum

Question 10

how is pneumonia defines?

Answer 10

defined as the change in chest x ray over time

often have a fever and are hypoxic

Question 11

how do you know when to admit or not?

Answer 11

severity score

Question 12

what are the effects of viruses on the lung?

Answer 12

mediator release 
cellular inflammation 
local immune memory 
damage to epthelium caused by:
loss of cilia 
bacterial growth 
poor antigen barrier 
loss of chemoreceptors

Question 13

what is influenza A H5N1?

Answer 13

bird flu
could not get past the species barrier so couldnt go from human to human
affected people aged 1-60

Question 14

why do some people get a mild infection while others get a sever infection

Answer 14

take into account the pathogen host and co pathogens
absence of prior immunity
weakened immune system

Question 15

what is RSV bronchioltis?

Answer 15

infection of the bronchioles

causes nasal flaring and croupy cough

Question 16

how are bacteria and viruses help each other in the lungs?

Answer 16

after viral infection 50% of people develop oppurtunistic bacteria as conditions are made optimal by the virus as they might make it easier for the bacteria to stick and the glucose levels are already high which the bacteria can use to replicate