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Pathology > Lung: Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, interstitial lung disease > Flashcards

Lung: Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, interstitial lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years in the absence of any other identifiable cause

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2
Q

Complications of chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Cor pulmonale

2. Cancerous transformation (cuz epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia)

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3
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Tobacco smoke, air pollutants 3 ways
  2. Damage epithelium
  3. Hypersecretion of mucous (IL-13 and histamine)
    A. Induce protective goblet cell hyperplasia and submucosal gland hyperTROPHY
    B. Mucous induced Airway obstruction
  4. Inflammation
    A. Both acute and chronic
    B. Accompanying fibrosis might lead to chronic airway obstruction
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4
Q

Morphology of chronic bronchitis

A

Gross:

  1. hyperemia
  2. edema of the mucous membranes
  3. excessive mucinous or mucopurulent secretions with casts maybe

Histology:

  1. Submucosal mucous gland hyperplasia (assessed by reid index >0.4 post mortem)
  2. Epithelium may have metaplasia and dysplasia
  3. Bronchiolitis obliterans maybe if fibrosis obliterates lumen
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5
Q

C/P chronic bronchitis

A

Blue bloaters

  1. Persistent productive cough
  2. With time, dyspnea on exertion
  3. Cyanosis
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6
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A
  • Chronic necrotising infections
  • Causing injury of elastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • Leading to permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
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7
Q

Risk factors for bronchiectasis

A 
1. Ciliary motility disorder
   A. Kartagener
   B. Primary ciliary dyskinesia
   C. Cystic fibrosis
2. Obstruction 
   A. Foreign body
   B. Tumor
   C. Mucus
3. Infection
4. Misc
   A. RA, SLE, IBS, COPD
5. 25-50% idiopathic
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8
Q

Morphology of bronchiectasis

A

Gross:

  1. Dilated airways
  2. So much so, they can be traced upto the pleura
  3. On cut section, bronchi appear cystic and filled with mucopurulent secretions
Histology:
1. Acute
   A. Desquamation of epi
   B. Ulceration
   C. Intense inflammation acute and chronic in walls of bronchi and bronchioles 
   D. Pseudostratification
   E. Squamous metaplasia 
   F. Lung abscess maybe
  1. Chronic
    A. Fibrosis: bronchiolitis obliterans
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9
Q

C/P of bronchiectasis

A
  1. Severe, persistent, productive cough esp morning
  2. Foul smelling, bloody sputum
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Orthopnea
  5. Massive hemoptysis at times
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10
Q

Complications of bronchiectasis

A
  1. Cor pulmonale
  2. Brain abscess
  3. Amyloidosis
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11
Q

Define chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years in the absence of any other identifiable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complications of chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Cor pulmonale

2. Cancerous transformation (cuz epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Tobacco smoke, air pollutants
  2. Damage epithelium
  3. Hypersecretion of mucous (IL-13 and histamine)
    A. Induce protective goblet cell hyperplasia and submucosal gland hyperplasia
    B. Mucous induced Airway obstruction
  4. Inflammation
    A. Both acute and chronic
    B. Accompanying fibrosis might lead to chronic airway obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Morphology of chronic bronchitis

A

Gross:

  1. hyperemia
  2. edema of the mucous membranes
  3. excessive mucinous or mucopurulent secretions

Histology:

  1. Submucosal mucous gland hyperplasia (assessed by reid index >0.4 post mortem)
  2. Epithelium may have metaplasia and dysplasia
  3. Bronchiolitis obliterans maybe if fibrosis obliterates lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C/P chronic bronchitis

A

Blue bloaters

  1. Persistent productive cough
  2. With time, dyspnea on exertion
  3. Cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A
  • Chronic necrotising infections
  • Causing injury of elastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • Leading to permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
17
Q

Risk factors for bronchiectasis

A 
1. Ciliary motility disorder
   A. Kartagener
   B. Primary ciliary dyskinesia
   C. Cystic fibrosis
2. Obstruction 
   A. Foreign body
   B. Tumor
   C. Mucus
3. Infection
4. Misc
   A. RA, SLE, IBS, COPD
5. 25-50% idiopathic
18
Q

Morphology of bronchiectasis

A

Gross:

  1. Dilated airways
  2. So much so, they can be traced upto the pleura
  3. On cut section, bronchi appear cystic and filled with mucopurulent secretions
Histology:
1. Acute
   A. Desquamation of epi
   B. Ulceration
   C. Intense inflammation acute and chronic in walls of bronchi and bronchioles 
   D. Pseudostratification
   E. Squamous metaplasia 
   F. Lung abscess maybe
  1. Chronic
    A. Fibrosis: bronchiolitis obliterans
19
Q

C/P of bronchiectasis

A
  1. Severe, persistent, productive cough esp morning
  2. Foul smelling, bloody sputum
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Orthopnea
  5. Massive hemoptysis at times
20
Q

Complications of bronchiectasis

A
  1. Cor pulmonale
  2. Brain abscess
  3. Amyloidosis
21
Q

Define chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years in the absence of any other identifiable cause

22
Q

Complications of chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Cor pulmonale

2. Cancerous transformation (cuz epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia)

23
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Tobacco smoke, air pollutants
  2. Damage epithelium
  3. Hypersecretion of mucous (IL-13 and histamine)
    A. Induce protective goblet cell hyperplasia and submucosal gland hyperplasia
    B. Mucous induced Airway obstruction
  4. Inflammation
    A. Both acute and chronic
    B. Accompanying fibrosis might lead to chronic airway obstruction
24
Q

Morphology of chronic bronchitis

A

Gross:

  1. hyperemia
  2. edema of the mucous membranes
  3. excessive mucinous or mucopurulent secretions

Histology:

  1. Submucosal mucous gland hyperplasia (assessed by reid index >0.4 post mortem)
  2. Epithelium may have metaplasia and dysplasia
  3. Bronchiolitis obliterans maybe if fibrosis obliterates lumen
25
Q

C/P chronic bronchitis

A

Blue bloaters

  1. Persistent productive cough
  2. With time, dyspnea on exertion
  3. Cyanosis
26
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A
  • Chronic necrotising infections
  • Causing injury of elastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • Leading to permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
27
Q

Risk factors for bronchiectasis

A 
1. Ciliary motility disorder
   A. Kartagener
   B. Primary ciliary dyskinesia
   C. Cystic fibrosis
2. Obstruction 
   A. Foreign body
   B. Tumor
   C. Mucus
3. Infection
4. Misc
   A. RA, SLE, IBS, COPD
5. 25-50% idiopathic
28
Q

Morphology of bronchiectasis

A

Gross:

  1. Dilated airways
  2. So much so, they can be traced upto the pleura
  3. On cut section, bronchi appear cystic and filled with mucopurulent secretions
Histology:
1. Acute
   A. Desquamation of epi
   B. Ulceration
   C. Intense inflammation acute and chronic in walls of bronchi and bronchioles 
   D. Pseudostratification
   E. Squamous metaplasia 
   F. Lung abscess maybe
  1. Chronic
    A. Fibrosis: bronchiolitis obliterans
29
Q

C/P of bronchiectasis

A
  1. Severe, persistent, productive cough esp morning
  2. Foul smelling, bloody sputum
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Orthopnea
  5. Massive hemoptysis at times
30
Q

Complications of bronchiectasis

A
  1. Cor pulmonale
  2. Brain abscess
  3. Amyloidosis

Pathology (6 decks)

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