Bone: Tumors Flashcards
C/P of bone tumours
Benign: often asymptomatic
- pain
- slow growing mass
- pathological fracture
Which is more common in bones : benign or malignant?
Benign greatly outnumber malignant
Diagnosis of bone tumours?
-radiology
>exact location and extent
-biopsy
>for definitive diagnosis
Osteosarcoma:
- Age group
- Joint most commonly involved
- Adolescents (<20years)
- Knee joint
Chondrosarcoma:
- age group
- joint most commonly involved
- older adults
- pelvis and proximal extremities
Bone tumor classification and its basis
- Hematopoetic
- Cartilage forming
- Bone forming
- Notochord
- Unknown origin
Based on the normal cell and matrix that they produce
Cartilage forming bone tumors
Benign:
- chondroma
- chondroblastoma
- osteochondroma
- chondromyxoid fibroma
Malignant:
-chondrosarcoma
Bone forming bone tumors
Benign:
- osteoid osteoma
- osteoblastoma
Malignant;
-osteosarcoma
NOT OSTEOCHONDROMA
Unknown origin bone tumors
Benign:
- giant cell tumor
- aneurysmal bone cyst
Malignant
- ewing’s sarcoma
- adamantinoma
Common cancers of bone
- osteosarcoma
- chondrosarcoma
- ewing’s sarcoma
Bone forming tumors form what kind of bone?
- unmineralised osteoid
- mineralised woven
Osteoid osteoma vs osteoblastoma
- SIZE: <2cm vs >2cm
- SITE: long bones vs vertebral posterior spine
- PAIN: nocturnal, relieved by NSAIDs vs unresponsive to NSAIDs
- ORIGIN: typically arise in the cortex vs
- T/T: radiofrequency ablation vs curette and excision en block
- elicit the formation of reactive bone vs not that much reactive bone
LOOK AT THE PICTURES OF T/T PROCEDURES
Osteoid osteoma has a predilection for?
Appendicular skeleton
X Ray picture of osteoid osteoma
- may only be a thick rind or reactive cortical bone
- neoplasm (nidus) elicits formation of a large amount of reactive bone, which encircles the lesion
- nidus appears as a small, round lucency that may be centrally mineralised
Lucency?
Cause of pain for osteoid osteoma
PGE2 production by proliferating osteoblasts
