Lung Diseases

Question 1

What are Risk factors for lung disease?

Answer 1

• smoking
• air pollution
• genetic make up
• frequent chest infections
• occupation

Question 2

What does directly proportional mean?

Answer 2

When one variable increases or decreases at the same rate as the other

Question 3

What is the difference between correlation and causation

Answer 3

Correlation - when a change in one of two variables is reflected by a change in the other variable

Causation - when one event is the result of another

eg if date shows a higher incidence of breast cancer with higher consumption of alcohol then there is a correlation. We CANNOT conclude that drinking alcohol causes breast cancer due to insufficient evidence. It could be that women who are more stressed drink more alcohol and it is the stress that is resulting in a higher incidence of breast cancer

Question 4

If you get an explain question around lung cancer and a named factor, what must you include when drawing conclusions?

Answer 4

Must include how there are other factors ( MUST give examples) that could be adding to it

eg
- the exposure to asbestos
- mortality rate is lower in recent years due to medical advances
- smoking
- Air pollutants
- Other allergens
etc

Question 5

What happened as a result of medical evidence from 1950s - 1960s regarding smoking and incidences of cancer?

Answer 5

• 1971: adverts should have a health warning on them
• 2003 ban on advertising cigarettes
• 2008: compulsory health warnings on all cigarette boxes

Question 6

What did scientific data revealing the link between passive smoking and lung cancers cause?

Answer 6

• 1997: workplaces pubs and restaurants would provide smoke free areas for non smokers
• 2007: ban on smoking in all public places
• 2015: ban on smoking in cars if there are under 18s as passengers