Lung Cancer Flashcards
What are risk factors for lung cancer?
- Large number of smoking pack years
- Airflow obstruction
- Increasing age
- Family history of lung cancer
- Exposure to other carcinogens eg cancer
How does lung cancer present?
- Haemoptysis
- Weight loss
- Cough
- Dyspnoea
- Chest pain
- Recurrent/slowly resolving pneumonia
- Lethargy
- Anorexia
What are the histological subtypes of lung cancer?
- Small cell
2. Non small cell - Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell, Large cell carcinoma, Bronchoalveolar cancer
What are some endocrine presentations (non metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations) of lung cancer?
- Ectopic ACTH - Cushing’s
- SIADH - Dilutional hyponatraemia
- Ectopic PTH - Hypercalcaemia
- Ectopic HCG - Gynaecomastia
What are some local complications of lung cancer?
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
- Phrenic nerve palsy
- SVC obstruction
- Horner’s syndrome - Pancoast tumour
What are some neurological presentations (non metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations) of lung cancer?
- Cerebellar degeneration
- Myopathy
- Polyneuropathy
- Myasthenic syndrome
What are some vascular presentations (non metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations) of lung cancer?
- Thrombophlebitis migrans
- Anaemia
- DIC
What are some cutaneous presentations (non metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations) of lung cancer?
- Dermatomyositis
- Herpes zoster
- Acanthosis nigricans
What are some skeletal presentations (non metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations) of lung cancer?
- Clubbing
2. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthopathy (pain in wrists and ankles)
How is lung cancer investigated?
- Bloods - FBC, U+E, LFT, INR, Calcium
- CXR
- Staging CT - CAP
What are the histological investigations that can be done?
- US guided neck node FNA for aspiration
- Bronchoscopy
- CT biopsy
