Lung Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Small-Cell Carcinoma
A
- central lesion
- aggressive
- SOB, inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone syndrome, supra vena cava syndrome
2
Q
Adenocarcinoma
A
- peripheral bronchi lesion
- outside lung
- early metastasis to CNS, skeleton, and adrenal glands
- few local symptoms
- hypertrophy pulmonary osteaoarthropathy
3
Q
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A
- large central bronchi lesion
- spreads by local invasion
- coughing, wheezing, SOB, dyspnea, hypercalcemia
4
Q
Large-Cell Carcinoma
A
- peripheral lesion
- ‘digs in’ surrounding tissues
- gynecomastia, thrombophlebitis
- spreads locally
- early metastasis
5
Q
Lung Cancer Etiology
A
- damaged bronchial epithelial cells mutate to become neoplastic
- genetic mutation
- alteration in tumor suppressor gene
6
Q
Lung Cancer Risk Factors
A
- Age >50
- genetic predisposition
- smoking (more smoking over longer periods increases risk)
- former smoker
- exposure to ionizing radiation, inhalants, radon
7
Q
Clinical Manifestations
A
- related to tumor size and location
- chronic cough
- hemoptysis
- wheezing, dyspnea
- dull, aching chest pain
- hoarseness or dysphagia
- pain later stage
8
Q
Primary goal is ______
A
Prevention!!!
- smoking cessation
- screening (annual xray)
- workplace safety
- early diagnosis improves prognosis
9
Q
Pharmacologic therepies
A
- chemotherapy with radiation is treatment of choice for small-cell cancer dueto its rapid growth, dissemination,and sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs
- used to ‘eradicate’
-increases effectiveness
- Bronchodialators to manage airway
- analgesics for pain management
10
Q
Radiation therapies
Brachytherapy
A
- goal of treatment may be palliative
- used to ‘shrink’ tumor
-brachytherapy is inserted radioactive device placed near tumor for more direct effect.
11
Q
Laser bronchoscopy
description and used for
A
- broncoscopy with guided laser to re-sect tumor
- localized tumors in main bronchus
12
Q
Mediastinoscopy
description and used for
A
- visualization using an endoscope passed through suprasternal incision
- evaluation and biopsy of mediastinal tumor andl ymph nodes
13
Q
Thoracotomy
description and used for
A
- incision into chest wall
- assess lung and thoracic cavity for surgery
14
Q
Wedge Resection
description and used for
A
- Removal of small section (wedge) of peripheral tissue
- small peripheral lung tumors
15
Q
Segmental Resection
description and used for
A
- removal of bronchovascular segment of lobe
- peripheral lung tumor with no evidence of extension to chest wall or metastasis
