Cellular Alteration Flashcards
neoplasm
Mass of new tissue that grows independently and has no physiologic purpose
Benign
Growth that doesn’t endanger life or health
Malignant
If not treated, growth will recur, continue to grow, and spread to other sites leading to death
Metastasis
Spreading to other areas of body
Characteristics of Malignant Cells
9 total
1) Loss of regulation of mitosis
2) Loss of specialization and differentiation
3) Loss of contact inhibition
4) Progressive acquisition of cancerous phenotype
5) Irreversibility
6) Altered Structure
7) Simplified metabolic activities
8) Transplantability
9) Ability to promote own survival
Benign Tumor Characteristics
1) local
2) cohesive
3) well-defined borders
4) pushes tissues out of way rather than invade
5) slow growth
6) encapsulated
7) easily removed
8) doesn’t recur
Malignant Tumor Characteristics
1) invasive
2) noncohesive
3) doesn’t stop at tissue border
4) invades and destroys surrounding tissues
5) rapid growth
6) metastasis
7) not always easy to remove
8) can recur
Carcinogenesis
origin of cancer development involving cellular mutation, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes
Carcinogens
cancer causing substance that causes mutations in cellular DNA
Oncogenes
Genes that promote cell proliferation and are capable of triggering cancerous characteristics (such as BRCA 1 and BRCA 2)
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Normally suppress oncogenes
can be inactive or deleted in mutation
Cancer associated with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 &2 (HSV 1 & 2)
Carcinoma of lip
cervical carcinoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Cancer associated with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
Kaposi’s sarcoma
prostate cancer
Cancer associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Burketts lymphoma
Cancer associated with Human Herpes Virus -6 (HHV-6)
Lymphoma