Lung Cancer Flashcards
what are the classical symptoms of lung malignancy?
- presistent cough
- night sweats
- smoking
what cancer secretes ectopic ACTH and other poly-peptides?
small cell lung cancer
what is the histological characteristics of small cell lung cancer?
dense neurosecretory granules
what are the paraneoplastic presentations of small cell carcinoma?
- cushings (weight gain, purple striae, depression, hyperpigmentation, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance)
- addisons (lack of energy, increased thirst, depression)
what lung cancer is strongly associated with smoking?
small cell lung cancer
where are small cell lung cancers typically located?
centrally located in the hilar region
what lung cancer is associated with hypertrophic pulmonary oestoarthropathy and clubbing?
squamous cell carcinoma
what paraneoplastic conditions are squamous cell carcinomas associated with?
hyperparathyroidism (PTHrP)
what cancer is lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome associated with?
small cell lung cancer
what lung cancer can present with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?
small cell lung cancer
- low serum osmolality
- raised urine osmolality
- raised urine sodium
what is the management of small cell lung cancer?
combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy
what is the 5 year survival rate for small cell lung cancer?
<25%
what sort of referral should the GP make for suspected lung cancer?
2 weeks
what is the main risk factor for mesothelioma?
asbestos
name a malignant tumour of the pleural
mesothelioma - presents with pleural effusion and chest pain (secondary to chest wall invasion)
what is the characteristic imaging findings in mesothelioma?
- pleural thickenings with some distinct plaques
- lower zone lung fibrosis
what is the most common lung cancer seen in non-smokers?
adenocarcinoma of the lung
where does adenocarcinoma arise from?
mucus cells in the bronchial epithelium
where are adenocarcinomas typically found?
peripheral airways
what is the most likely lung cancer to cavitate?
squamous cell lung carcinoma
where are pancost tumours found?
apex of the lung
what is the most common type of lung cancer in the UK?
squamous cell lung carcinoma
what structure is affected for the patient to present with symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?
ipsilateral miosis, ptosis, enopthalmos
cervical sympathetic plexus
what is the cause for raised calcium in squamous cell lung carcinoma?
parathyroid hormone related peptide production
