Lung Cancer Flashcards
What proportion of patients survive 1 year of stage 1 lung cancer?
What about stage 4?
83%.
17%.
What percentage of lung cancers are associated with smoking?
80%
What other non smoking risk factors are there for lung cancer?
Asbestos exposure,
Radon exposure (mining),
Chromium, nickel, arsenic exposure.
Family history.
What classification is used for lung cancer staging?
TNM staging.
Which lymph nodes are commonly involved in lung cancer?
Hilar lymph nodes,
Mediastinal lymph nodes,
Brachiocephalic lymph nodes.
Where do lung cancers commonly metastasise to?
Brain, pleura, liver, adrenals and bone
From what stage are lung cancers considered non operable?
From what stage are they considered terminal?
Stage 3a.
Stage 3b and stage 4.
How might the lung cancer be biopsied?
Bronchoscopy, USS lymph node or chest wall mass, CT biopsy, thoroscopy, mediastinoscopy.
What additional scans might be done for lung cancer?
PET scan - shows sites of metastasis or lymph node involvement.
MRI,
USS,
Bone scan for spinal metastasis,
Echocardiogram for heart function prior to operation.
What symptoms are there for lung cancer?
Cough, dyspnoea, wheezing, haemoptysis, chest pain, weight loss, lethargy. Hoarse voice and bloated face suggest metastatic involvement.
What is it important to remember about lung cancer when considering symptoms?
Most patients are asymptomatic.
What signs indicate lung cancer?
Cache is, horners syndrome, finger clubbing,
Liver enlargement,
Consolidation
What are paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancers?
Hypercalcaemia, Cushing’s syndrome, SIADH, encephalopathy, Pancoast syndrome, Anaemia, Finger clubbing.
What investigations are done for all patients with suspected lung cancer?
Chest X-ray,
Staging CT scan of chest.
What is the most common type of lung cancer?
What percentage are small cell carcinomas.
Non small cell lung cancer (squamous cell or adenocarcinoma) - around 80%.
10% are small cell cancers and 5% are rare tumours.
