Histology And Clinical Application Of Ventilation Flashcards
What is atelectasis?
Complete or partial lung collapse. In infants - may never have expanded
What is interstitial lung disease?
Increased deposition of collagen in alveolar walls leading to poor compliance and poor expansion
What is hypoventilation?
Inability to expand chest and ventilate - leads to hypercapnea
What is pneumothorax?
Air seeps into intrapleural space with loss of pleural seal, compressing lung
What causes respiratory stress syndrome in infants?
Decreased surfactant, leading to increased surface tension and reduced compliance
What two underlying pathologies categorise COPD?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
How do bronchioles stay open?
Radial traction - pull of alveoli in each direction around the bronchiole
Where does the conducting portion of the respiratory system begin and end?
Nasal cavity - terminal bronchioles
What parts of the airway make up the respiratory portion?
Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar ducts and alveoli
What cells line the conducting portion of airways (apart from terminal bronchioles)
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
Where are club cells found?
Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
What do club (Clara) cells do?
Secrete a surfactant lipoprotein which prevents walls sticking together
