Lung Anatomy, Ventilation & Disease Flashcards
What are the following properties which each respiratory system should have?
Large Surface Area
Permeable
Thin walls
Moist
Efficient transport system
Lung structure
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Alveoli
Alveoli structure
Squameous epithelium
Large surface area
Dense capillary network
What is a feature of the alveolar squameous epithelium?
One cell thick layer
Short diffusion distance
What is breathing
Breathing is a result of the difference in pressure between the lungs and the air outside the body.
How does the pressure inside the lungs change?
The pressure inside the lungs is changed by the changes in lung volume
Describe what happens in inhalation
External intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage up and out
Diaphragm contract and pulls down
Lung volume increases
Pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure
Air moves into lungs down a pressure gradient
During exhalation, what do the external intercostal muscles do?
Relax
During exhalation, what does the diaghragm do?
Relaxed and moves up
During exhalation, what happens to the lung volume?
It decreases
Describe what happens in exhalation
External intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Lung volume decreases
Pressure in the lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure
Air moves out of lungs down a pressure gradient
How does air move into the lungs?
Down a pressure gradient
Describe the diffusion of gases in inhalation from the mouth to the blood
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Squameous epithelial cell (2 membranes)
Endothelial cell (2 membranes)]
Haemoglobin
What is the tidal volume?
Natural breathing volume
What is the inspiratory/expiratory reserve?
Extra volume required for a deep breath
What is residual volume?
Air that remains in the lungs to prevent collapse of alveoli
Why is residual volume important?
To prevent the collapse of alveoli
What is the vital capacity?
Maximum volume of air a person can expel from their lungs
