ATP + water Flashcards
ATP what does it stand for
adenosine triphosphate
ATP structure
adenosine triphosphate consists of a nitrogenous adenine base, ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups
ATP uses
provides energy for protein synethsis
phosphorylation of molecules to lower Ea
what is ATP formed from
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate
ADP + phosphate is?
phosphorylation
what is requierd to add a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate
energy, which creates a high energy bond - involving ATP synthase and a condensation reaction
why is ATP so useful?
release relatively small amounts of energy at a time
phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive
can be rapidly resynthesised
doesn’t leave cells
provides energy for protein synethsis
why is water important
has polar molecules SO it acts as a universal solvent
is a metabolite SO it can be used in hydrolisis reactions
has a high specific heat capacity SO buffers changes in temperature
has a light latent heat of vaporisation SO evaporation of a small amount of it cools down organisms
cohesion between water molecules SO provides surface tension
when it freezes, it becomes less dense SO creates a habitat for some animals and insulates water below
transparent SO light can pass through so that water plants can photosynethsise
Water as a metabolite
Water is used and produced in many chemical reactions within the cells of organisms.
For example, it is required for hydrolysis
High Specific Heat Capacity in Water
Buffers changes in temperatures
As organisms cells are mostly water, it protects them against sudden temperature change
Cohesion of Water
The surface tension can be enough to support small organisms
When water freezes it becomes less dense which
Forms habitats for animals
Insulates the water below
Water is transparent so
Photosynthesis can be undergone underwater
Why does water become lighter when it freezes?
- Density = mass ÷ volume;
- Ice has same mass of water but greater volume;
