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Phys 2 Exam 2 > Lung > Flashcards

Lung Flashcards

1
Q

diseases of bronchi and bronchioles

A

influenza
adenovirus
bordetella pertussis

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2
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

irreversible dilation of airways due to destruction of muscular and elastic elements of bronchial walls

walls become flabby

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3
Q

Pathogenesis, Pathology & clinical features of Bronchiectasis

A

caused by - inhaling foreign objects, mucus, tumors,

pathology - lower lobes / thick pus & mucus

chronic productive cough with copious purulent secretions

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4
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of lungs

impact of anesthesia

consequences:
pneumonia 
hypoxemia
fibrosis 
Bronchiectasis
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5
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation and consolidation of parenchyma

lobar - inflammation in one lobe

bronchopneumonia - distal in respiratory tree

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6
Q

bacteria pneumonia

A

lower lobes

bacteria looking for moist area to grow in the oropharynx or nasopharynx

predisposing conditions: smoking, chronic bronchitis, malnutrition

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7
Q

Legionella Pneumonia

A

bacteria that thrives in watery environments

symptoms:
malaise
fever
muscle aches
pain
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8
Q

PCP

A

PCP is clinical marker for conversion of HIV to AIDS

effects the immuno suppressed

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9
Q

Viral Pneumonia – Interstitial Pneumonia

A

50% of all cases

infection of parenchyma - lungs are irritated - dry cough

causes necrosis of epithelial cells lining airways and alveoli (cytomegalovirus, measels, varicella)

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10
Q

tuberculosis

A

see in pts with AIDS

organisms multiply in the alveoli because macrophages cannot kill it

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11
Q

Ghon Complex (Primary Tb)

A

upper part of lobes

90% asymptomatic and lesion localizes and heals on its own

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12
Q

secondary TB

A

reactivation of primary TB

upper lobe

cavities form and it spreads to other parts of lung

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13
Q

aspergillosis can be seen in patients with

A

TB
asthma
cystic fibrosis

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14
Q

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A

opportunistic infection

blood vessel invasion – infraction

fungal balls grow in cavity

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15
Q

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

A

ppl with asthma can have amplified response
can lead to infection (bronchiectasis)
treat with antifungals

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16
Q

Lung Abscess

A

accumulation of pus accompanied by destruction of parenchyma

cause = aspiration

17
Q

Pathology of Lung Abscess

A

loaded with PMN leukocytes & macrophages

surrounded by hemorrhage, fibrin, inflammatory cells

-fibrous wall

capacity for spontaneous drainage/difficulty breathing/chest pain

18
Q

clinical features of Lung Abscess

A

cough and fever
foul-smelling sputum
pain
drainage into bronchi

19
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Caused by inhalation of inorganic dust

20
Q

Most important factor of Pneumoconiosis

A

Capacity to stimulate fibrosis
Silica and asbestos cause extensive fibrosis
Coal and iron are weakly fibrinogenic

21
Q

Silicosis

A

Inhalation of silicon dioxide

22
Q

Pathogenesis of Silicosis

A

Particles ingested by macro but the particles kill macrophages

Dead macrophages release fibrinogenic (& silica) –> recycled silica –> new macrophages pick them up –> kills them off –> vicious cycle

23
Q

Pathology & clinical features

A

upper zones/ May present with systems 20-40 years after exposure

dyspnea / diagnosed on Xray

24
Q

Interstitial Lung Disease - Sarcoidosis

A

Chronic disease of unknown etiology (most common in african americans)

Noncaseating granulomas occur in almost any organ of the body

Most commonly effects lungs and hilar lymph nodes

~20% of individuals w/ sarcoidosis are left with permanent lung chances

Eyes, skin, heart, CNS, liver - can also be affected

Treated with corticosteroids

Side effects of corticosterioids have negative effects on body

25
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension

A

Idiopathic and caused by increased vascular tone

Most common in young women 20-30 y.o

Results in cor pulmonale –heart transplantation

Right sided heart failure

26
Q

Pneumothorax

A

presence of air in pleural cavity

27
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in pleural cavity

28
Q

Hydrothorax

A

Edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure (CHF)

Nonproductive cough

29
Q

Pyothorax

A

Effusion from infection of pleura (bacterial pneumonia)

30
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood secondary to trauma or ruptured vessels

Phys 2 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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