Lumps and masses

Question 1

Ganglion

Answer 1

Fluid filled synovial cyst, typicaly appears on dorsal aspect of wrist.

Question 2

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Answer 2

Occlusion of ducts in apocrine glands by antigen-antibody complexes. Lead to secondary infection. Most commonly involve axillae, groin, perianal, inframammary folds.

Question 3

Hypertrophic scar

Answer 3

Excessive collagen deposition at a scar site, caused by tension during the healing wound.

Question 4

Keloid scar

Answer 4

Firm smooth hard growths, formed after minor injuries due to abnormal healing. More common in dark skinned people.

Question 5

Lipoma

Answer 5

Benign soft tissue of adipose, slow growing. Soft, smooth, fluctuate, mobile.

Question 6

Onchocryptosis

Answer 6

Ingrowing toenail

Question 7

Onychogryphosis

Answer 7

Thickening and curving of toenail

Question 8

Pyogenic granuloma

Answer 8

Benign vascular lesion, red overgrowth of hemangioma of the skin.

Question 9

Sebaceous cyst

Answer 9

Acne like lesions due to occlusion of the ducts.

Question 10

von Recklinghausen’s disease (NF1)

Answer 10

Cafe au lait spots, neurofibromas

Question 11

Incisional hernia

Answer 11

Breakdown of muscle post surgery

Question 12

Richter’s hernia

Answer 12

Partial herniation of the bowel wall, lumen not affected

Question 13

Spigelian hernias

Answer 13

Occur at the lateral edge of the rectus sheath, below umbilical level.

Question 14

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 14

Muscle defect within Hesselbach’s triangle.

Question 15

Hesselbach’s triangle

Answer 15

Lined by: lateral border of rectus, inferior epigastric artery, inguinal ligament

Question 16

Arterial ulcers

Answer 16

Secondary to peripheral vascular disease. Occurs as deep, punctuated ulcers.

Question 17

Venous ulcers

Answer 17

Secondary to venous incompetence. Occurs over medial or lateral malleolus and usually in the distribution of saphenous veins.

Question 18

Neuropathic ulcers

Answer 18

Secondary to sensory neuropathy and pressure sores.

Question 19

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Answer 19

Inflammatory recurring nodular-pustular ulcers with necrotic edge. Associated with IBD, acute leukaemia, polycythemia rubra vera, autoimmune hepatitis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, myeloma.