Lumbar and thoracic spine

Question 1

Non-neutral dysfunctions of the spine

Answer 1

ERS and FRS

Question 2

ERS is assessed for in which position?

Answer 2

Flexed

Question 3

FRS is assessed for in which position?

Answer 3

Extended

Question 4

Possible dysfunctions of the spine

Answer 4

ERS, FRS, NRS, bilaterally flexed or extended

Question 5

How many segments in a row must be the same in an NRS?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

MOI in ERS and FRS

Answer 6

Transversopsinalis, primarily multifidi

Question 7

MOI in NRS

Answer 7

Erector spinae and transversospinalis

Question 8

In an ERS dysfunction, where is the MOI found?

Answer 8

On the same side and below the dysfunction.

Question 9

In an FRS dysfunction, which side is the prominent TP on?

Answer 9

The opposite side from the dysfunction

Question 10

Where is the MOI found in an FRS dysfunction?

Answer 10

On the same side as the dysfunction, above the dysfunction.

Question 11

In an ERS dysfunction, which side is the prominent TP on?

Answer 11

The same side as the the ERS.

Question 12

Where is the SP of L4 located?

Answer 12

Medial to the PSIS

Question 13

Where is the SP of T6 located?

Answer 13

In line with the inferior angles of the scapula

Question 14

How are rib restrictions named?

Answer 14

As inhalation or exhalation restrictions.

Question 15

How is rib assessment done?

Answer 15

By monitoring quiet and forced breathing in 4 positions.

Question 16

Most rib dysfunctions are caused by what?

Answer 16

Thoracic dysfunctions

Question 17

Which tests should be performed in the standing position for patients with low back pain?

Answer 17

Plumb line, standing flexion and ROM

Question 18

Which tests should be performed in the seated position for patients with low back pain?

Answer 18

Slump, seated flexion, lumbar and thoracic ROM and TP assessments

Question 19

Which tests should be performed in the supine position for patients with low back pain?

Answer 19

SLWL, ASIS, adductors

Question 20

Which tests should be performed in the prone position for patients with low back pain?

Answer 20

Sacral sulcus and ILA

Question 21

What order should motions be applied in order to pre-stretch for an IIT for ERS or FRS

Answer 21

Flex, side bend then rotate

Question 22

Which actions should be used to pre-stretch during an IIT treatment of an NRS?

Answer 22

Side bending then rotation

Question 23

Patient effort in an IIT for ERS dysfunction

Answer 23

Side bending

Question 24

Patient effort in an IIT for FRS dysfunction

Answer 24

Rotation

Question 25

Patient effort in an IIT for NRS dysfunction

Answer 25

Alternate between side bending and rotation

Question 26

How can IITs be performed in the upper thoracic region?

Answer 26

By using the head

Question 27

How should the IIT for an upper thoracic dysfunction be set up?

Answer 27

Head is first rotated, then side bent and flexed at the same time.

Question 28

Why don’t static stretches usually help with spine issues?

Answer 28

The discs are avascular and need the skeletal muscle pump for nourishment

Question 29

In what position is a lumbar or lower thoracic multifidi treated?

Answer 29

Lateral recumbent, on the top side. Patient rolls backwards towards you to streth.

Question 30

In what position is an upper thoracic multifidi treated?

Answer 30

Lateral recumbent, on the bottom side. Patient rolls forwards away from you to stretch.

Question 31

In what position are the intercostals best treated?

Answer 31

Lateral recumbent

Question 32

In what position is the serratus anterior best treated?

Answer 32

Lateral recumbent

Question 33

In what position is the pec minor best treated?

Answer 33

Supine

Question 34

In what position is the external oblique best treated?

Answer 34

Lateral recumbent

Question 35

In what position is the internal oblique best treated?

Answer 35

Supine as in abdominal massage

Question 36

Muscles of involvement in rib dysfunctions

Answer 36

Intercostals, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, obliques, scalenes and quadratus lumborum

Question 37

Muscles which can cause an inhalation restriction at position one

Answer 37

Upper serratus anterior and the intercostals

Question 38

Muscles which can cause an exhalation restriction at position one

Answer 38

Scalenes, intercostals and possibly the SCM and subclavius

Question 39

Muscles which can cause an inhalation restriction at position two

Answer 39

Serratus anterior, obliques and intercostals.

Question 40

Muscles which can cause an exhalation restriction at position two

Answer 40

Pectoralis minor and intercostals

Question 41

Muscles which can cause an inhalation restrction at position 3

Answer 41

Obliques, rectus abdominis and intercostals

Question 42

Muscles which can cause an exhalation restriction at position 3

Answer 42

Lower serratus anterior and intercostals

Question 43

Muscles which can cause an inhalation restriction at postion 4

Answer 43

Quadratus lumborum

Question 44

Muscles which can cause an exhalation restriction at position 4

Answer 44

Quadratus lumborum

Question 45

Key rib

Answer 45

The last rib in a restricted group

Question 46

Ribs which are torsioned up cause what type of restriction?

Answer 46

Exhalation

Question 47

Ribs which are torsioned down cause what type of restriction?

Answer 47

Inhalation

Question 48

In an ERSrt, which way are the right ribs torsioned?

Answer 48

The right ribs are torsioned up

Question 49

In an NRSrt, which way are the right ribs torsioned?

Answer 49

Because the rotation is left, the the right ribs are rotated down.