Elbow, Forearm and Wrist Flashcards
Motions of the elbow
Flexion and extension
Motions of the forearm
Pronation and supination. Uses the radioulnar joints.
Motions of the wrist
Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
Other name for wrist abduction
Radial deviation
Other name for wrist adduction
Ulnar deviation
Mulscles which flex the elbow
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
Mulscles which extend the elbow
Triceps brachii, anconeus
Muscles which pronate the forearm
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis
Muscles which supinate the forearm
Supinator, brachioradialis and the long head of the bicep
Medial epicondylitis
Also called Golfer’s elbow. Involves the wrist flexors.
Axis of motion in pronation and supination
Can be either around the middle finger or the pinky.
Lateral epicondylitis
Also called Tennis Elbow. Involves the wirst extensors.
Epicondylitis injuries are due to what?
Eccentric load injuries.
Screening tests which apply to the forearm and wirst
Falen, Tinnel, 7 second test, Allan’s test
7 second test outcomes
If the pain remains the same for the full 7 seconds, the injury is acute. If it recedes, it is subacute or chronic.
Allan’s test application
Compress the median and ulnar arteries and have the patient pump their hand until the hand becomes white. Remove pressure from one of the arteries and watch to see it the white goes away.
Purpose of Allan’s test
To test the blood flow in the hand from the median and ulna arteries.
Positive sign of Allan’s test
The hand remains white for more than a couple of seconds
Purpose of Phalen’s test
Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
Application of Phalen’s test
Patient holds wrists in complete and forced flexion for 30-60 seconds by placing the dorsal surfaces of the hands together.
Positive result of Phalen’s test
Any nervouse system symptoms in the hand. These come from the median nerve.
Purpose of Tinnel’s tap
To test for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Application of Tinnel’s tap
Vigourously tap the flexor surface of the wrist several times.
Positive sign of Tinnel’s tap
A zinging sensation
