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Ancient History > Lucent_Ancient_History > Flashcards

Lucent_Ancient_History Flashcards

1
Q

Time

Father of history?

A

Herodotus

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2
Q

Eras

When did Saka era started?

A
  • Vikram Era:57AD vikramaditya
  • Saka Era:78AD Kushan ruler Kanishka, India Adopted Saka era with Georgian calender on 22 March 1957
  • Gupta Era: 319-20AD , Chandragupta 1
  • Harsha Era:606AD, Harshavardhan of kannuj
  • Illahi era:1156AD, Akabar
  • Raja Saka:1674 AD, Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaaj
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3
Q

Era

Convert 2024 in saka era

A

Saka to AD
2024+78
AD to Saka
2024-78

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Time Period

TP of Mahajanpada

A
  • Indus civilization:2,500 BC-1750 BC
  • Vedic: 1,500 BC-600 BC
  • Mahajanpada:600-322 BC
  • Maurya Period:322-185BC
  • Gupta Period: 319AD-550AD
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6
Q

Brahmic Text

Brtahmic Text is divided into?

A
  1. Shruti:Samhitas,or Vedas,Brahmanikas,Aryanikas,Upanishadas
  2. Samriti:Epics,Vedas,Vedangas or Sutras, Purans,Smritis
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7
Q

Brahmic Text

Who compiled vedas?

A

Vyas
Rigveda

Composed approximately 1500-1200 BCE
Considered the oldest of the Vedas, containing hymns and philosophical discussions

Samaveda

Primarily derived from the Rigveda’s hymns
Musical arrangements attributed to priests and musicians
Compiled around 1200-1000 BCE
Often considered a liturgical collection of melodies and chants

Yajurveda

Composed around 1100-800 BCE
Focuses on ritual instructions and sacrificial formulas

Atharvaveda
Compiled around 1000-800 BCE
Contains spells, incantations, and magical formulas

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8
Q

Brahmic Text

Para-Vidya is associated with?

A

Upanishad Teaching
Aim of life is merging the individual soul to world soul

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9
Q

Brahmic Text

Composing Time of Aryankas, Upanishads, Brahmins

A

1,000BC-600BC
Smrit:600BC-600AD
Knowledge of social organisation, king’s rights and duties
Epics,Purans:400BC-400AD

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10
Q

Brahmic Text

Yanna Bharte Tanne Bharte

A

Mahabharat
Ramayan:Yavanas(Greeks),Sakas(Scythians)

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11
Q

Buddhist Text

BT is divided into?

A
  1. Pali Text
    * Tripataka
    * Deepvansha
    * Mahavansha
    * Milindpannaho
    2.Anupali Text
    * Divyavdan
    * Aryamanhushrimulkalpa
    * Lalit Vistar
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12
Q

Buddhist Text

Tripatika consists of ?

A

1.Vinaya Pitka
2.Sutta Pitka
3.Abhidhamma Pitaka

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13
Q

Buddhist Texts

1st Buddhist Council

A

483 BC
Sattapanni caves in Rajgriha.(Bihar)
King Ajatashatru.
presided over by Monk Mahakasyapa.
The Agenda of the First Buddhist Council was to preserve the teachings (Sutta) of the Buddha and the monastic discipline and guidelines for monks (Vinaya).

It was held just after the death of the Buddha.

Suttas and Vinaya PITKA were recited and COMPILED by the monks Ananda and Upali respectively.

Abhidhamma Pitaka was also recited in this council.

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14
Q

Buddhist Text

2nd Buddhist Council

A

383 BC
Vaishali.
Kalasoka.
presided over by Sabakami.

The Agenda of the Second Buddhist Council was to settle the disagreements of different subdivisions.

This council rejected the Mahasangikas as canonical Buddhist texts. For this reason, the council is considered historical.

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15
Q

3rd Buddhist Council

A

Pataliputra in the Magadha Empire.

Emperor Ashoka.

The Third Buddhist Council was presided over by Moggaliputta Tissa.

The Agenda of the Third Buddhist Council was to analyze the different schools of Buddhism and to purify them.

Ashoka sent several groups to different countries to spread Buddhism after this council.

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16
Q

Buddhist Text

4th Buddhist Council

A

The fourth Buddhist council was convened in Kashmir.

It was under the patronage of Emperor Kanishka.

The Fourth Buddhist Council was presided over by Vasumitra and Asvaghosha
.
The Agenda of this Buddhist council was the reconciliation of various conflicts between different schools of thought.

Hinayana and Mahayana sects of Buddhism diverged after this council.

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17
Q

5th Buddhist Council

A

The fifth Buddhist council was held at Mandalay in Myanmar, then called Burma.

It was under the patronage of King Mindon of the Kingdom of Burma.

The Fifth Buddhist Council was presided over by Jagarabhivamsa, Narindabhidhaja, and Sumangalasami.

The Agenda of this council was to recite all the Buddhist learning and scrutinize them in minuscule detail.

This council is largely not recognized outside of Myanmar as no major Buddhist countries apart from Burma had representatives attending the council.

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18
Q

Buddhist Text

What does did different pitakas contain?

A

Vinaya Pitaka:Disciplinary Rules and Regulations for leading monastic life

Sutta Pitaka:Largest and most important text
*“Ambattha Sutta” of Digha Nikaya of SP containt description of Kshtriya of blood Purity.

Abhidhamma Pitaka:Doctrines of Buddha in scholastic manner.

19
Q

Buddhist Text

More about Sutta Pitaka

A

“Anguttara Nikaya”of sutta pitaka contain 16 mahajanpadas.
‘jataka’ of khuddaka Nikaya of Sutta pitaka :549 folk tales of previous birth of gautama Buddha.: carved on the railings of Bharahuta and Sanchi stupas

20
Q

Buddhist Text

Deep vansha and maha vansha compiled at?

A

Sri Lanka, contains histroy of SL,throw light of ancient culture and mauryan histroy

21
Q

Buddhist Text

Milindpannaho

A

Questions of milind :Dialouge between greek king MIlint and Monk Nagasena.Tell about forighn trade

22
Q

Divyavadan contains?

A

Stories of Later Mauryan kings and shunga king(Pushyamitra shunga) and life of Buddha

23
Q

Buddhist Text

Event of pre-mauryan period to vardhana period(Harshvardhana) are described in

A

Aryamanjushrumulkalpa

24
Q

Buddhist Text

Lalit Vistar

A

Contains acts of Gautama Buddha with religious and social Conditions of that time

25
Q

Jain Text

When did Jainism Originate?

A
  1. 6th Centuary BC, Loard Mahavira propagated the religion
  2. 24 Teachers:Tirthankaras,Last Mahavira,1:Rishabnath
  3. Jain:Jina,jaina(Conqueror)
26
Q

Jain Text

Vardhamana Mahvira

A
  1. 540 BC,Kundagarma Village near VAISHALI
  2. Jnatrika clan,connected to royal family of Magadh
  3. Father:Siddharta, Mother:Trishala(Sister of Chetaka,King of vaishali)
    4.30 Leave home, 12 sprituality, at 42 get spritual knowledge KAIVALYA(Conquered misery and happiness)
27
Q

Jain Text

1ST Sermon,symbol,place of death of MAHAVIRA

A

Vipulachala Hill in Rajgir, Bihar, ,LION,Pavapuri in Bihar

28
Q

Jain Text

Three jewels of Triratna

A

Right Faith (Samyakdarshana)
Right Knowledge (Samyakjnana)
Right Action (Samyakcharita)

29
Q

Five Doctrines of Jainism

A

Ahimsa: Non-injury to living being
Satya: Do not speak a lie
Asteya: Do not steal
Aparigraha: Do not acquire property
Brahmacharya: Observe continence

30
Q

Jain Text

Anekantavada and Syadvada,

A
  1. Excepting or respecting everyons point of view, multiple views of seeing a thing
    2.Iss waqt, kaal or koi factors ko lenee ke baad mera point of view ye haa, i am not dismissing your opinion.(may be)
31
Q

Jain Text

Digambara head, sub-sets, vows

A
  1. Nudity, Female worn white sarees
  2. 5 Vows(Satya, Ahimsa, Asteya, Aparigraha and Brahmacharya)
  3. Bhadrabahu was an exponent of this sect.
    Major Sub-Sects
    Mula Sangh
    Bisapantha
    Terapantha
    Taranpantha or Samaiyapantha
    Minor Sub-Sets
    Gumanapantha
    Totapantha
32
Q

Jain Text

Svetambara head, vows,Sub-sets

A

Monks wear white clothes.
Follow only 4 vows (except brahmacharya).
Believe women can achieve liberation.
Sthulabhadra was an exponent of this sect.
Major Sub-Sects
Murtipujaka
Sthanakvasi
Terapanthi

33
Q

Jain Text

Facts about Jainism

A

1.The great Mauryan King Chandragupta Maurya, during his last years, became a Jain ascetic and promoted Jainism in Karnataka.

2.Famine in Magadha led to the spread of Jainism in South India.

3.The famine lasted for 12 years, and in order to protect themselves many Jains went to South India under the leadership of Bhadrabahu.

4.In Odisha, it enjoyed the patronage of Kalinga King of Kharavela.

34
Q

Jain Literature

Jain Literature is classified into?

A
  1. Agam Literature:Preaching of Mahvira compilled by Ganadharas(Immediate Disciple), they posses knowledge(kevel-gyan) in 12 sutras
  2. Ang-bahya-agams (outside of Ang-agams): expansions of Ang-agams. compiled by Shrutakevalin. in Prakrit Language.
35
Q

Jain Council

1ST Jain Council

A

Held at Patliputra in 3rd Century B.C. and was presided by Sthulbhadra.

36
Q

2nd Jain Council

A

Held at Vallabhi in 512 A.D. and was presided by Devardhi Kshmasramana.
Final Compilations of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas.

37
Q

Jain Text

With reference to the religious practices in India, the “Sthanakvasi” sect belongs to

38
Q

Jain Text

With reference to the religious practices in India, the “Sthanakvasi” sect belongs to

A

Nayaputta:Naya clan
Shramana:seeker who renounces worldly life
Trihanthkar:Spritual Teacher

39
Q

Jain Text

Kevala Jnana

A

Highest form of knowledge in jainism. Mahavira attain it in 12 yrs

42
Q

Jain Text

Acharanga Sutra Contains

A

Disciplinary action
1.Bagwati sutra:life of mahavira, list of 16 mahajanpadas
2.Namadhamma katha sutra:preachings of mahavira
3.Antagado-daso,anutarovavaiyadaso:life stories of famous jain monks

43
Q

Bhadrabahu charita contains:

A

Lefe-sketch of jain acharya bhadrabhau, life of king chandragupta

44
Q

Parshishtaparva is written by

A

Acharya Hemchandra

Ancient History (8 decks)

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