Lubrication

Question 1

Oil functions

Answer 1

Reduce wear
Clean
absorb heat
seal

Question 2

For long service life from engines

Answer 2

oil must be matched to the engine and the operating conditions

Question 3

Viscosity

Answer 3

Viscosity is an oils resistance to flow

Measured by the time for a specific amount of oil to move through a fixed orifice at a certain temp

Question 4

Oil with to high of viscosity will cause

Answer 4

increased load on the engine trying to overcome the friction of the oil

Question 5

oil with to low of viscosity

Answer 5

oil will not cling together under load and causing metal to metal contact

Question 6

SAE

Answer 6

society of automotive engineers

Question 7

Viscosity index

Answer 7

the rate that oil will change viscosity as the temperature changes

Question 8

pour point

Answer 8

is the lowest temperature at which the test fluid can be poured at a 45 degree angle

Question 9

Oil additives

Answer 9

chemicals added to the oil by the manufacturer to eliminate specific problems that may be encountered during operation

Question 10

carbon particles

Answer 10

is a by product of the combustion process and form an abrasive wear particle

Question 11

detergents

Answer 11

keep oil by products from forming on internal engine parts

Question 12

dispersants

Answer 12

keep deposits suspended in the oil to be collected in the filter

Question 13

Oxidation inhibitors

Answer 13

prevent oil from absorbing excess oxygen also prevent general corrosion relating to alloy bearing material

Question 14

Anti-rust agents

Answer 14

help maintain a film of oil on components when engine is not operating

Question 15

API

Answer 15

American petroleum institute

sets standards for oil classification

Question 16

SI classification

Answer 16

spark ignition engine oil

Question 17

CI classification

Answer 17

Compression ignition Engine oil

Question 18

Synthetic oil

Answer 18

Becoming more popular for its ability for cold weather starting and reduced drag on the engine

Question 19

Storage and handling

Answer 19

oil and filter changes should have there own bay to avoid air born contamination

Question 20

Majority of pre mature engine failure

Answer 20

Dirt introduced into the oil from service persons

Question 21

Oil sampling

Answer 21

Analysis program that works best when developed by the appropriate oil laboratory and service tech

Question 22

Most reliable oil sample is taken when

Answer 22

Oil is hot
sample location is clean
Taken from mid stream

Question 23

Oil plugs with magnetic ends

Answer 23

Should be checked for after removal for contamination

Question 24

two main purpose of oil analysis

Answer 24

determine the suitability of the oil

interpret results and determine if there are any existing internal problems

Question 25

Oil analysis can reveal

Answer 25

``` proper oil temp during operation coolant leaks dirt and dust in engine fuel dilution effective oil filters crank case blow by effective oil change interval ```

Question 26

Lubrication system functions

Answer 26

creates the pressure and provides the delivery system needed to move engine oil throughout the engine

Question 27

Two types of lubrication systems

Answer 27

splash and pressurized | full pressure

Question 28

Crankcase

Answer 28

used to store and cool supply of engine oil used in the system also allows dirt and debris to settle out as well as air bubbles to disperse

Question 29

RTV sealant

Answer 29

room temperature vulcanizing | can plug pick up screens if too much is used

Question 30

Oil level indicators

Answer 30

Dip sticks and sight glass | oil must be check on level surface

Question 31

Oil pressure gauge

Answer 31

reads the pressure of the oil during engine operation | will read high pressure when oil is cold

Question 32

Engine run in

Answer 32

new engines have very small tolerance between components and oil pressure may read high until these components wear to a point where oil pressure will be a constant

Question 33

Oil pump capacity

Answer 33

as much as 70% more to keep oil demand as engine wears over time

Question 34

Two types of oil pumps

Answer 34

external gear | internal gear or rotor pump

Question 35

external gear pumps

Answer 35

has two gears working in tandem to create a low pressure at the inlet and forcing oil out the outlet side

Question 36

Rotor type pump

Answer 36

inner rotor drives the outer as rotor turns oil is squeezed between the rotor lobes and forced out the outlet

Question 37

Pressure regulating valves

Answer 37

maintain system pressure during normal operating conditions

Question 38

oil pressure relief valve

Answer 38

prevents system damage by allowing oil to return back to pan if pressures reach higher then operational normal relief valve pressure set higher then regulating valve

Question 39

Two types of oil coolers

Answer 39

Air to oil | oil to coolant

Question 40

Oil bypass valve

Answer 40

thermostatic by pass valves allow cold oil to around bypass engine cooler until it reaches operating temp for faster warm up

Question 41

two oil filter designs

Answer 41

bypass and full flow

Question 42

by pass filter

Answer 42

5%-10% of oil from the oil pump is filtered and return directly back to oil pan often clean oil much more thoroughly then full flow may trap particles down to 10 microns in size

Question 43

full flow filter

Answer 43

filters all oil supplied to the engine traps particles down to 25 to 60 microns in size

Question 44

when bypass valve in filter is open

Answer 44

full flow filter becomes a shunt filter delivering both filtered and unfiltered oil to the engine

Question 45

crank case ventilation system

Answer 45

required to remove water vapour oil vapour combustion vapours and fuel vapours engine must remain warm to be most effective

Question 46

crank case ventilation system operation

Answer 46

during vehicle a low pressure is formed at the end of outlet tube and vapours are drawn out and dispersed fresh air enters through the valve cover filter