ltm ao1

Question 1

tulving 1985

Answer 1

• one of first psychologists to recognise that the msm account of the ltm was to simplistic and inflexible
• instead proposed that the ltm was made up of multiple stores for different types of information ; semantic, eposidic and procedural memory
• proposed that each type of ltm store was diatonic from others and that they used different areas of the brain

Question 2

what were the 3 types that he proposed

Answer 2

semantic
episodic
procedural

Question 3

what is semantic memory

Answer 3

• long term store of our knowledge of the world
• e.g facts and our knowledge of words and concepts mean

-not time stamped
-less vulnerable to distortion and forgetting

Question 4

why is episodic memory

Answer 4

-long term store of personal events
-e.g memories of when the event occurred and people, objects places and behaviours involved
-time staped
-requires conscious effort to be recalled

Question 5

what is procedural memory

Answer 5

• long term store for our knowledge in how to do things
  -e.g memory of learned skills

-not time stamped
-can be hard to explain to to others

Question 6

strength of the episodic memory

Answer 6

P - has case study evidence

E- clinical studies on amnesia ( hm and Clive wearing) showed both had difficulty recalling what had happened to them personally in the past

E - whereas their semantic memory had been left intact, (e.g HM didnt recall stroking a dog half an hour earlier but didnt need the concept of “dog” explained to him

L- which shows that the LTM does have different stores and one store is able to be damage while the other ones are left intact

Question 7

limitation on ltm

Answer 7

P- conflicting research findings linking ltm stores to areas of the brain

E- for example Buckner and Peterson 1996 reviewed evidence on where the semantic and episodic memory stores may be and found that semantic was on the left prefrontal cortex of the brain and the eposodic memory on the right

E - however, other research links the left side with encoding of episodic memories and the right with retrieval

L- challenges any neurophysicological evidence to support types of memory as there is poor agreement on where each type of memory might be located