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Biochem 2 > LT1 > Flashcards

LT1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the sum of all biochemical
reactions in a cell

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

What do you call the reactants,
intermediates, and products involved in
metabolism.

A

Metabolites

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3
Q

What category of metabolism is being described?
- Produces energy in the form of ATP
- Oxidation reaction
- Complex → simple

A

Catabolic

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4
Q

What category of metabolism is being described?
- Requires energy
- Simple → complex
- Reduction reactions

A

Anabolic

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5
Q

All reactions that involve storage and generation of metabolic energy required for biosynthesis of low molecular weight compounds and energy storage compounds

A. Intermediary metabolism
B. Central metabolic pathway
C.
D.

A
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6
Q

What is being described?
- Involve large mass transfer and energy generation in a cell
- Produces precursors for anabolic pathways
- Heaviest traffic
- Highly conserved
- Glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

A

Central metabolic pathway

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7
Q

What is not a characteristic of metabolic pathway?
A. Involve sequential steps
B. Involve enzymes for each step (may be separate or a multienzyme complex)
C. Enzymes, coenzymes, energy involved/released are written on the arrow.
D. Regulated at irreversible reactions

A

D

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8
Q

What is not a characteristic of opposed pathways?
A. Regulated at irreversible reactions (Away from equilibrium)
B. Irreversible reactions use the same enzymes
C. Reversible reactions can use the same enzymes.
D. Though reactants and products will still be the same in both reversible and irreversible reactions.

A

B (they do NOT)

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9
Q

What do you call a cycle when you neither form nor use the compounds?

A
  • Futile cycle
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10
Q

What biomolecule starts digestion at the mouth (using salivary amylase)?

A
  • carbohydrates
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11
Q

What biomolecule starts digestion at the liver (releases bile salts) and pancreas (releases lipase)?

A
  • lipids
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12
Q

What biomolecule starts digestion at the stomach (using pepsin)?

A
  • proteins
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13
Q

What biomolecule’s digestion sequence is being described?
mouth -> liver -> pancreas -> small intestine

A
  • carbohydrates
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14
Q

What digestion sequence is being described?
stomach -> liver -> pancreas -> small intestine

A
  • lipids
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15
Q

What gets broken down to Glu and Fru by sucrase.
A. Sucrose
B. Maltose
C. Lactose
D. Starch

A

A

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16
Q

What gets broken down to Glu and Gal by lactase.
A. Sucrose
B. Maltose
C. Lactose
D. Starch

A

C

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17
Q

What gets broken down to 2 units of glucose by maltase.
A. Sucrose
B. Maltose
C. Lactose
D. Starch

A

B

18
Q

What gets broken down to limit dextrins maltotriose and maltose by amylase then gets broken down by a-glucosidase and maltase to Glc & 2-Glc respectively.
A. Sucrose
B. Glycogen
C. Lactose
D. Starch

A

B & D

19
Q

What is/are the major fat source in the human diet.

A. Triacylglycerols (TAGs)
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipases
D. Diacylglycerols (DAGs)

A

A

20
Q

What is not a dietary carbohydrate?
A. Glycogen
B. Lipase
C. Maltose
D. Starch

A

B (Lactose and Sucrose are the other dietary carbohydrates)

21
Q

What is the enzyme that hydrolyze the ester bonds in TAGs.
A. Elastase
B. Chymotrypsin
C. Carboxypeptidase
D. Lipase

A

D

22
Q

In the ingestion of a dietary fat (TAG), lingual is released by the ______ and gastric is released by the _____.

A
  • mouth ; stomach
23
Q

In the ingestion of a dietary fat (TAG) is broken down into _____ using lingual / gastric lipase.
A. DAG
B. DAG + FA
C. 2-MAG + FA
D. 2-MAG + 2 FA

A

B

24
Q

In the ingestion of a dietary fat (TAG) is broken down into _____ using pancreatic lipase.
A. DAG
B. DAG + FA
C. 2-MAG + FA
D. 2-MAG + 2 FA

A

D

25
Q

In the ingestion of a DAG is broken down into _____ using pancreatic lipase.
A. DAG
B. DAG + FA
C. 2-MAG + FA
D. 2-MAG + 2 FA

A

C

26
Q

______ helps to increase pH to make the environment less acidic because lipase won’t work in acidic environments.
A. HCO3-
B. Bile salts
C. Bicarbonate
D. Carboxylic acid

A

C

27
Q

Where do bile salts get recycled into?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine

A

A

28
Q

_____ can break apart noncovalent IMFA.

A
  • denaturation
29
Q

In the stomach, what is being described?
I. Asp protease
II. Cuts at N side of Phe, Trp, Tyr, and Leu
III. Active at very low pH (optimal)

A. HCl
B. Trypsin
C. Pepsin
D. Aminopeptidase

A

C

30
Q

In the stomach, what kills bacteria, denatures and cannot hydrolyze proteins?

A. HCl
B. Trypsin
C. Pepsin
D. Aminopeptidase

A

A

31
Q

Pancreas releases the pancreatic peptidases (alkaline conditions) below, except?
A. Chymotrypsin
B. Elastase
C. Lipase
D. Carboxypeptidase

A

C. Trypsin*

32
Q

The small intestine contains aminopeptidase (di- & tripeptidase) and repeatedly cleaves the _____ residue from oligopeptides to produce even smaller peptides and free amino acids.

A

Nt

33
Q

________ is the quantitative study of energy transductions (changes of 1 form of energy to another) in living cells.

A
  • Bioenergetics
34
Q

Free energy can be written as: ∆G = ∆G°’ + RT ln Q, where Q is the ________.

A
  • Mass action
35
Q

What is not a way to drive an unfavorable reaction forward?
A. Maintaining Q<K (products < reactants)
B. High to low reduction potential
C. Coupling an unfavorable reaction with a highly favorable one.
D. Low to high reduction potential

A

B

36
Q

What is being described? Low / High Energy Compounds?
I. Where we couple the unfavorable reaction
II. Unstable due to high energy. In order to gain stability, it must release some of its
energy.
III. When hydrolyzed, it releases energy.

A

High Energy Compounds

37
Q

What is not a characteristic of a High Energy Compound?
A. Resonance stabilization of product
B. When undergoing hydrolysis, it gains energy
C. Charge repulsion in reactants
D. Tautomeriation of products

A

B

38
Q

What bond is the high energy bonds of ATP?

A. Phosphodiester
B. Phosphoanhydride
C. N-glycosidic
D. Phosphoester

A

B

39
Q

By ________ the phosphoanhydride bonds, we remove a phosphate group from the structure, we can now form resonance structures from it.
A. Cleaving
B. Tautomerization
C. Hydrolyzing
D. Energy transduction

A

C

40
Q

What is not an example of high energy compounds?
A. Acyl Phosphates
B. Enol phosphates
C. Phosphoguanidines
D. AMP

A

D. ATP* aka “energy currency” is considered a high energy compound because of the phosphoanhydride bonds

41
Q

In the phosphate hydrolysis of ATP, the more it is broken apart, the more (–,+) the ∆G.

A
  • (-), more energy used if broken apart

Biochem 2 (2 decks)

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