LT#6: Acid Theories and Neutralization Reactions

Question 1

Define Arrhenius Acid

Answer 1

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H¹⁺) when dissolved in water.

Question 2

Define Arrhenius Base

Answer 2

A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH^1-) when dissolved in water.

Question 3

Define Strong

Answer 3

Ionizes (dissociates) 100%

Question 4

Define Weak

Answer 4

Low percent ionization

Question 5

Define pH

Answer 5

The strength of hydrogen ions in solution (based on molar concentration of H¹⁺)

Question 6

One increment on the pH scale means that there are…

Answer 6

10 times more H¹⁺ in the solution

Question 7

How does acid strength affect pH?

Answer 7

The stronger the acid the more it ionizes, which increases the H¹⁺ concentration and lowers the pH.

Question 8

How does acid concentration affect pH?

Answer 8

The more concentrated the acid the more acid per unit water, which increases the H¹⁺ concentration and lowers the pH.

Question 9

Arrhenius Acid + Base –>

Answer 9

Salt + Water

Question 10

Define Equivalence Point

Answer 10

When acid and base are mixed in amounts that completely neutralize each other.

Question 11

Define Titration

Answer 11

A lab technique used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or base by performing a controlled neutralization reaction.

Question 12

Define Titrant

Answer 12

The opposite reactant added into a titration to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. If unknown acid, then titrant is a base.

Question 13

Define End Point

Answer 13

When indicator changes colour during a titration and titrant is stopped being added.

Question 14

When do you use Arrhenius Theory to complete Acid-Base equations?

Answer 14

When you have a base that contains OH^1- and you can do a double displacement reaction.

Question 15

When do you use Bronsted-Lowry Theory to complete Acid-Base equations?

Answer 15

When you don’t have a base that contains OH^1-, and you can only transfer an H¹⁺ between chemicals.

Question 16

Describe a Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Reaction

Answer 16

A proton transfer between 2 molecules

Question 17

Define Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 17

A substance that can donate a proton (H¹⁺)

Question 18

Define Bronsted-Lowry Base

Answer 18

A substance that can accept a proton

Question 19

Define Bronsted-Lowry Conjugate Base

Answer 19

The acid after a proton is removed

Question 20

Define Bronsted-Lowry Conjugate Acid

Answer 20

The base after a proton is accepted

Question 21

Define Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

Answer 21

2 molecules that differ only by a proton (H¹⁺)

Question 22

What is the conjugate acid of CN^1-?

Answer 22

HCN

Question 23

What is the conjugate base of H₂S?

Answer 23

HS^1-

Question 24

What is the conjugate base of OH^1- ?

Answer 24

O^2-

Question 25

What is the conjugate acid of I^1-

Answer 25

HI