LS7 - Psychodynamic Approach

Question 1

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 1

Freud - Assumes adult behaviour reflects complex interactions between conscious and unconciosu thoughts, it also suggestes adulthood is determined by our childhood.

Question 2

The Unconscious

Answer 2

Freud - Suggesested the conscious mind is just thet ip of the iceberg and most if it is the unconscious which is a vast storehouse of biological drives/instincts that have a significant effec on behaviour/personality. It also contains disturbing memories/thoughts that’ve been repressed.

Question 3

Role Of The Unconscious

Answer 3

To protect the conscious from any unpleasant memories or thoughts.

Question 4

Preconscious

Answer 4

Thoughts that may slip the tongue or come in our dreams, into the conscious. This makes dream analysis a way of getting through to the unconscious.

Question 5

Psychoanalysis

Answer 5

Therapy to get to the unconscious and early childhood, involving dream analysis and hypnosis.

Question 6

Two Basic Drives

Answer 6

Born with 2 drives: Sex & Aggression
Which motivate all of our thoughts/behaviours

Question 7

Two Basic Drives

Answer 7

Born with 2 drives: Sex & Aggression
Which motivate all of our thoughts/behaviours

Question 8

Sex Drive

Answer 8

Vital for reproduction and therefore has its own psychic energy.

Question 9

Libidio

Answer 9

Sexual psychic energy

Question 10

Aggression Drive

Answer 10

Allows us to procreate whilst eliminating anyone that stops us from doing so.

Question 11

Personality Structure

Answer 11

The interaction between the triparte personality.

Question 12

Triparte Personality

Answer 12

ID
Ego
Superego

Question 13

ID

Answer 13

Based on the pleasure principle, wants immediate satisfaction with no consideration of reality, this comes at birth.

Question 14

Ego

Answer 14

Meeting needs whilst taking the restraints of reality into account, this develops after the age of 1.

Question 15

Superego

Answer 15

Develops as a result of the moral constraints taught by our parents. A strong superego means high guilt and a weak superego means low guilt

Question 16

Defence Mechanisms

Answer 16

Repression, Denial, Displacement.
They prevent stressful/threatening impulses from leaving the conscious as the ID has a difficult time pleasing the ego and superego.

Question 17

Repression

Answer 17

Making guilty secrests unsconciosu and becoming unaware of them, given that they’re in the unconscious, they might infuleunce us in ways we aren’t aware.

Question 18

Displacement

Answer 18

Diverting emotions onto someone/something eslse, as we can’t on the person concerned.

Question 19

Denial

Answer 19

When people to refuse to admit they’re experiencing a ceratin emotions.

Question 20

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 20

At different stages of development, different parts of the body are sensitive to sexual stimulation. Frustration occurs when this need isn’t met or the child is overly satisfied at a particular stage so doesn’t move on.

Question 21

Oral Stage

Answer 21

0-18 months - Libindal energy focuss focuses ont he mouth, frustration at this stage may result in pessimism/envy. Fixation at this stage could lead to a smoking/drinking addiction.

Question 22

Anal Stage

Answer 22

18 months to 3 years - Eliminating and retaining faeces, which conflicts the ID and ego. Being too leninent may make you anally expulsive (disorganised) or retaining too much may make you anally retentive (stingy/neat).

Question 23

Phallic Stage

Answer 23

3 to 6 years - Unconscious drive for their mother, rivalling their father. Instead of fighting their father they identify with them. As a result the boy represses his feelings towards his mother and develops masculine features.

Question 24

Phallic Stage Females

Answer 24

Develop unconscious sexual attraction to their fahter and develop ‘penis envy’ as they believe their mother castrated them at birth. The wish for penis is eventually replaced by the wish for a baby.

Question 25

Fixation At Phallic Stage

Answer 25

May have problems with sexuality e.g. becoming homosexual.

Question 26

Latent Stage

Answer 26

6 to puberty - Sexual drive lies dormant, girls now become feminine and boys more masculine.

Question 27

Genital Stage

Answer 27

Puberty Onwards - Sexual urges awaken and people want heterosexual relationships.

Question 28

Psychodynamic Approach Strengths

Answer 28

Case Study Evidence
Determinist
Unique
Psychoanalysis

Question 29

Psychodynamic Weaknesses

Answer 29

Abstract Concepts
Sexist Theory
Lacks Falsifiability

Question 30

Case Study Evidence (+)

Answer 30

Little Hans and Anna o explain how things like a phobia can be causedf by problems during the phallic stage.

Question 31

Determinst (+)

Answer 31

It was the first approach to highlight the importance of childhood behaviour on adulthood e.g. fixation at the phallic stage can lead to homosexuality.

Question 32

Unique (+)

Answer 32

It allows us to understand the complexity of human behaviour from a different persepctive e.g. how the ego uses defence mechanisms to justif actions.

Question 33

Unique (+)

Answer 33

It allows us to understand the complexity of human behaviour from a different persepctive e.g. how the ego uses defence mechanisms to justif actions.

Question 34

Psychoanalysis (+)

Answer 34

The psychodynamic approach has developed psychoanalyisis which helps understand the underlying causes of disorder through hypnosis and dream analysis. Research has shown psychoanalysis to be highly successful.

Question 35

Abstract Concepts (-)

Answer 35

The ID, Ego & Superego are abstract concepts since they are unconscious e.g. you can’t physically prove any of these are real.

Question 36

Sexist Theory (-)

Answer 36

Freud focuses on the oedipal complex suggesting girls don’t feel the same guilt as boys e.g. Little Hans study is only about how boys feel towards their mothers.

Question 37

Lacks Falsifiability (-)

Answer 37

You can’t prove it wrongw hich prevents it from being scieitnfici as there’s less research eveidence e.g. you can’t prove adulthood is determined by childhood.