LS, Discospondylitis, Rando Flashcards
Antibiotic recommended for bacterial encephalomyelitis?
metronidazole, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, TMS, 3rd gen cephalosporin
antibiotic recommended for discospondylitis?
1st gen cephalosporins (clavamox sound) - 17% Staph resistant
Cephalexin, cefazolin, TMS
what dog breeds most often diagnosed with disconspondylitis? prognosis?
Great Dane, Labs, Rott, GSD, Doberman, Eng Bulldogs
fair to good uncomplicated
what are complications of sx for LSS?
trauma, compression, implant failure, inadequate bony fusion, adjacent segment disease
infections (23% positive cultures of disc)
seroma
instability
neuro deterioration
what is the overall prognosis?
excellent to good 77% (some papers report higher)
73% (Dorsal lam + discectomy)
what is recurrence rate?
3-54.5% (one study 16.7% normal function, 54% if only had mild improvement)
compare presentations of BP avulsion injuries:
1) avulsion cranial (C5-C7)
2) avulsion caudal )C8-T2)
3) all (C6-T2)
1) musculocutaneous, axillary, subscapular, suprascapular
- loss of shoulder movement and elbow flexion
- few CS
2) radial, median, ulnar (radial nerve signs more common - 92% of cases)
- flexed limb but no weight bearing as can’t extend carpus/digits
- Horner’s and/or loss cutaneous trunci (C8-T1)
3) all nerves
- drag limbs knuckled over, shoulder more neutral
- sensory deficits common
what are signalment/common breeds that get steroid-responsive menigitis-arteritis?
young 6-18 months
74.2% are < 1year
Beagles, boxers, BMD, weimaraners, Nova scotia duck retrievers
presentation and CSF findings between the 2 forms (steroid-responsive menigitis-arteritis)?
acute form:
- hyperesthesia, cervical rigiditly, stiff gait, fever
- guarding neck
- polymorphonuclear nondegenerative, pleocytosis, increased TP, ~ RBC
chronic form:
- paresis, ataxia, menace deficit, anisocoria, vestibular signs
- primary mononuclear cells or mixed cells, normal or mildly increased TP
what BW can help to monitor therapy (steroid-responsive menigitis-arteritis)?
acute form:
-c-reactive protein
chronic form:
- macroglobulin
what are the components and locations of ventriculoperitoneal shunt?
ventricular catheter
control valve
abdominal or distal catheter
ventriculoperitoneal shunt - complications of placement?
shunt infection, shunt malfunction/blockage, under shunting, catheter migration, control valve function, seizures
what are the systems described to evaluate brain sx post-op?
response criteria in solid neoplasms (RECIST)
response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO)
MacDonal criteria
what is diagnostic yield for stereotactic biopsy? morbidity rates?
> 90% especially for cancer
morbidity rates up to 27% reported (but newer rates ~5%)
what are high risk breeds of LSS?
GSD, Dobie, Rottie, BMD, Dalmation, Boxer, Irish Setter, lab
what is intermittent claudication?
paroxysmal manifestations - caudal lumbar pain or PL cramping, pain, weakness from vascular compromise or compression of nerve roots of cauda equina
what C.S/presenting complaint in dog with LSS have worse prognosis?
urinary and/or fecal incontinence
what congenital cranium abnormalities may benefit from sx?
intracranial arachnoid diverticula
dermoid/epidemoid cysts
congenital hydrocephalus
disorders associated with malformation of caudal cranial fossa and craniocervical junction
Signalment for calcinosis circumscripta?
< 1yr, large breed. (GSD overrepresented)
prognosis with surgery for calcinosis circumscripta?
no recurrence upto 24 mo post dorsal laminectomy
what causes osteochondroma?
arise secondary to migration of chondrocytes from physeal region into metaphyseal region of bone
continued cartilage formation
prognosis for osteochondroma?
if a accessible to excise - favorable
what are the 3 stages of distemper infection?
gray matter disease:
- ~1 week post infection - nonsuppurative ME
- often die within 2-3 weeks (often with seizures)
- may recover or progressive to next
white matter disease:
- ~3 weeks post infection
- most common form (likely due to subclinical GM stages)
- may recover with minimal CNS injury or infection
necrotizing meningoencephalitis
- ~4-5 weeks post infection
- nonsuppurative inflammation
- uveitis, chonoretinitis
some deteriorate and die; others slowly recover
distemper infection - diagnostics? treatment?
RT - PCR (whole blood, urine, CSF)
IHC antigen biopsy - nasal mucosa, foot pad epithelium, haired skin
supportive treatment
prognosis guarded