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Orgchem > LQ2 > Flashcards

LQ2 Flashcards

1
Q

Longest chain is known as

A

acyclic hydrocarbon

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2
Q

It contain carbons joined in one or more rings

A

cycloalkanes

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3
Q

cycloalkanes degree of unsaturation is equal to the number of

A

rings

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4
Q

Butane and isobutane are two different compounds with the same molecular formula known as

A

Consitutional isomers

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5
Q

It tells us identity, location, and number of substituents attached to the carbon chain

A

Prefix

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6
Q

What and where are the substituents?

A

Prefix

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7
Q

What is the longest carbon chain?

A

Parent

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8
Q

It contains carbons joined in one or more rings

A

cycloalkanes

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9
Q

Their general formula is CnH2n and they have two fewer H atoms than a acyclic alkane with the same number of carbons

A

cycloalkanes

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10
Q

This suffix identifies a molecule as an alkane

A

ane

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11
Q

This indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain

A

parent name

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12
Q

This indicates what functional group is present

A

Suffix

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13
Q

It tells us the identity, location, and number of substituents attached to the carbon chain

A

Prefix

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14
Q

Carbon substituents bonded to a long carbon are called

A

Alkyl groups

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15
Q

An alkyl group is formed by removing one ___ from an alkane

A

H atom

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16
Q

Why naming three or four carbon alkyl groups is more complicated?

A

Because the parent hydrocarbons have more than one type of hydrogen atom

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17
Q

These are named by using similar rules but prefix cyclo- immediately preceded the name of the parent

A

cycloalkanes

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18
Q

It is due to bulkiness and being moved to each other

A

steric strain

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19
Q

The closer the greater

A

steric strain

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20
Q

If the number of carbons in the ring is greater than or equal to the number of carbons in the longest chain, the compound is named

A

cycloalkane

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21
Q

If there are more carbon in the chain, the compound is named as

A

Alkane

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22
Q

It is composed largely of methane, with lesser amount of ethane, propane, and butane

A

Natural gas

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23
Q

A compound in the atmosphere comes from both natural and manmade sources

A

methane

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24
Q

It is a complex mixture of compounds, most of which are hydrocarbons containing one to forty carbon atoms

A

Petroleum

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25
Q

This functional group is soluble in organic solvents

A

Alkanes

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26
Q

This functional group is insoluble in water

A

Alkanes

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27
Q

They only exhibit weak van der waals forces

A

Alkanes

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28
Q

Boiling point and melting point increase as the number of carbons increases due to

A

increased surface area

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29
Q

The boiling point of isomers decreases with branching

A

due to decreased surface area

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30
Q

Melting point increases with increased in

A

symmetry

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31
Q

More branching

A

lower boiling point

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32
Q

More symmetry

A

higher melting point

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33
Q

This is a different arrangement of atoms that are interconverted by rotation about single bonds

A

conformations

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34
Q

The C-H bonds on one carbon are directly aligned with the C-H bonds on the adjacent carbon

A

Eclipsed

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35
Q

The C-H bonds on one carbon bisect the H-C-H bond angle on the adjacent carbon

A

Staggered

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36
Q

In eclipsed the C-H bonds are all

A

aligned

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37
Q

In staggered conformation, the C-H bonds in front ____ the H-C-H bond angles in back

A

Bisect

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38
Q

The angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on an adjacent atom is called

A

dihedral angle

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39
Q

The energy difference between staggered and eclipsed conformers is called

A

torsional energy

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40
Q

It is an increase in energy caused by eclipsing interactions

A

Torsional strain

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41
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups 180 degrees from each other is called

A

Anti

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42
Q

The relative energies of the individual staggered conformations depend on their

A

Steric Strain

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43
Q

It is an increase in energy resulting when non-bonded atoms are forced too close to one another

A

Steric Strain

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44
Q

It contains higher energy than anti conformations because of steric strain

A

Gauche conformations

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45
Q

It is caused by two eclipsed CH3 groups

A

Steric strain

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46
Q

The energy difference between the lowest and highest energy conformations is called a

A

Barrier to rotation

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47
Q

It is an increase in energy when bond angles deviate from the optimum tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees

A

Angle strain

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48
Q

It adopts a puckered “chair” conformation, which is more stable than any other possible conformation

A

cyclohexane

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49
Q

The chair conformation is so stable because

A

it eliminates angle strain and torsional strain

50
Q

hydrogens are located above and below the ring

A

axial

51
Q

hydrogens are located in the plane of the ring

A

equatorial

52
Q

The staggered conformations are more stable than the

A

Eclipsed conformation

53
Q

It is an increase in energy caused by eclipsing interactions

A

Torsional strain

54
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups 180 degrees from each other is called

A

anti

55
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups 60 degrees from each other is called

A

gauche

56
Q

It is an increase in energy resulting when atoms are forced too close to one another

A

Steric Strain

57
Q

It is generally higher in energy than anti conformations because of steric strain

A

Gauche

58
Q

Staggered conformations are at energy ________

A

minima

59
Q

Staggered conformations are at energy ______

A

maxima

60
Q

The energy difference between the lowest and highest energy conformations is called

A

barrier to rotation

61
Q

It is an increase in energy when tetrahedral bond angles deviate from the optimum angle of 109.5 degrees

A

Angle strain

62
Q

These are hydrogens located above and below the ring (along a perpendicular axis)

A

axial

63
Q

These hydrogens are located in the plane of the ring (around the equator)

A

equatorial hydrogens

64
Q

A down carbon flips up, it has two carbons oriented above a plane containing the other four carbons

A

Boat

65
Q

Axial H atoms become equatorial H atoms, and equatorial H atoms become axial H atoms

A

Ring flip

66
Q

The boat form of cyclohexane is less stable than the chair forms for two reasons:

A
  1. Eclipsing interactions between H’s cause torsional strain
  2. The proximity of the flagpole H’s causes steric strain
67
Q

What happens when one hydrogen on cyclohexane is replaced by a larger substituent? Is there a difference in the stability of the two cyclohexane conformations?

A

The equatorial position has more room than the axial position, so larger substituents are more stable in the equatorial position

68
Q

These are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are oriented in space

A

Stereoisomers

69
Q

It has two groups on the same side of the ring

A

Cis isomer

70
Q

It has two groups on opposite sides of the ring

A

Trans isomer

71
Q

Alkanes contain only nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds, and as a result they exhibit only

A

weak van der waals

71
Q

Boiling point and melting point increase as the number of carbons increases because of

A

increased surface area

72
Q

Melting point increases with

A

increased symmetry

72
Q

The boiling point of isomers decreases with branching because of

A

decreased surface area

73
Q

The three dimensional structure of molecules is called

A

stereochemistry

74
Q

The two CH3 groups of ethane rotate, allowing the hydrogens on one carbon to adopt different orientations relative to hydrogen on the other carbon is called

A

conformations

75
Q

These are different arrangement of atoms that are interconnected by rotation around single bonds

A

Conformation

76
Q

The C-H bonds on one carbon are directly aligned with the C-H on the adjacent carbon

A

Eclipsed conformation

77
Q

The C-H bonds on one carbon bisect the H-C-H bond angle on the adjacent carbon

A

Staggered conformation

78
Q

The angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on an adjacent atom is called

A

dihedral angle

79
Q

The dihedral angle for staggered conformation is

A

60 degrees

80
Q

The dihedral angle for eclipsed is

A

0 degree

81
Q

This is the more stable (lower in energy) than the eclipsed conformations

A

staggered conformations

82
Q

The energy difference between the staggered and eclipsed conformations is called

A

Torsional energy

83
Q

eclipsing introduces ______ into a molecule

A

torsional strain

84
Q

Conformations that aren neither staggered nor eclipsed are

A

Intermediate energy

85
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups 180 degrees from each other is called

A

Anti

86
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups 60 degrees from each other is called

A

gauche

87
Q

It is an increase in energy resulting when atoms are forced too close to one another

A

Steric Strain

88
Q

This conformation are generally higher in energy than anti conformations because of steric strain

A

Gauche

89
Q

Conformations are at energy minima and eclipsed conformations are at energy maxima

A

staggered conformation

90
Q

The energy difference between the lowest and highest energy conformations is called

A

barrier to rotation

91
Q

Lower energy due to minimized steric interactions

A

Staggered conformation

92
Q

Higher energy due to increased steric interactions

A

Eclipsed conformation

93
Q

It is an increase in energy when tetrahedral bond angles deviate from the optimum angle of 109.5 degrees

A

Angle strain

94
Q

The chair conformation is so stable because it eliminates _____

A

Angle strain

95
Q

Axial and equatorial H atoms are interconvered during a _________

A

Ring flip

96
Q

Why it is more stable when a larger group is at equatorial?

A

It is because the steric interactions with nearby groups are minimized

97
Q

Why it is less stable when a smaller group is at axial?

A

It is because H atoms are creating two destabilizing steric interactions called 1,3-diaxial interactions

98
Q

It is the loss of electrons

A

Oxidation

99
Q

It is the gain of electron

A

Reduction

100
Q

The O atom joins two rings using two equatorial bonds

A

Cellulose

101
Q

Atom joins two rings using one equatorial and one axial bond

A

Starch

102
Q

They are different compounds with the same molecular formula

A

Starch and cellulose

103
Q

How to classify stereoisomers

A

Their three dimensional arrangement of atoms is different

104
Q

These are different compounds with the same molecular formula

A

Isomers

105
Q

It differs only in the way atoms are oriented in space

A

Stereoisomers

105
Q

It differs in the way the atoms are connected to each other

A

Constitutional isomers

106
Q

A particular three-dimensional arrangement is called

A

Configuration

107
Q

Stereoisomers that are non superimposable mirror images of each other

A

Enantiomers

108
Q

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other

A

Diastereomers

109
Q

When a compound and its mirror image are superimposable, they are

A

Identical achiral

110
Q

When a compound and its mirror image are not superimposable, they are

A

Different chiral compounds called enantiomers

111
Q

It is a compound with no plane of symmetry in any conformation

A

Chiral

112
Q

It is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups

A

Tetrahedral stereogenic center

113
Q

A molecule that is not superimposable on its image is said to be

A

Chiral

114
Q

A molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image is said to be

A

achiral

115
Q

It is a mirror plane that cuts a molecule in half, so that one half of the molecule is a reflection of the other half

A

Plane of symmetry

116
Q

It usually contain a plane of symmetry

A

Achiral

117
Q
A

Orgchem (10 decks)

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