LPIC-1-Exam 101 - Terms and Utilities Flashcards
/sys
virtual file system which stores and allows modification of system connected devices
/proc
virtual file system with text files showing kernel and process status
/dev
contains files that represent devices (device nodes)
modprobe
program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
lsmod
program to show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
lspci
list all PCI devices
/var/log/messages
system log (On Ubuntu it’s /var/log/syslog)
dmesg
print or control the kernel ring buffer
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
bootloader
a program that loads an operating system
kernel
the code between the hardware and applications
/etc/inittab
config file that controls what happens on a restart or when the run levels are force changed
shutdown
bring the system down
init
program that spawns other processes (Replaced with upstart in Ubuntu)
/etc/init.d
where traditional sysvinit scripts and upstart backward compatible scripts reside
telinit
change system runlevel
/ (root) filesystem
base level of the files system directory tree
/var filesystem
location of often changing files (such as database files)
/home filesystem
location of user home directories
swap space
drive space used as slow virtual memory
mount point
directory entry point to other mounted storage volumes
partitions
a logical storage unit
/boot/grub/menu.lst
config file that determines which kernel GRUB boots
grub-install
install GRUB to a device
MBR
Master Boot Record
superblock
file system blocks that contain info like: file system type, status, size, and other info
/etc/lilo.conf
config file for LILO boot loader (alternative to GRUB)
lilo
LInux LOader (boot loader)
ldd
print shared library dependencies
ldconfig
configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
/etc/ld.so.conf
config file that dictates where to search for libraries (colon, space, newline, tab, or comma-separated)
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
: separated list of paths used by the linker to resolve ELF executable dependencies during run-time
/etc/apt/sources.list
list used by Apt to determine where to get package info and packages
dpkg
package manager for Debian
dpkg-reconfigure
reconfigure an already installed package
apt-get
APT package handling utility - - command-line interface
apt-cache
query the APT cache
aptitude
high-level interface to the package manager
rpm
file(s) in the Red Hat Package Manager format
rpm2cpio
converts a RPM package files into a cpio archive
/etc/yum.conf
config file for YUM package manager
/etc/yum.repos.d/
config file that stores all the YUM repositories
yum
Yellowdog Updater Modified package management utility for RPM based systems
yumdownloader
a program for downloading files from YUM repositories
.
represents the current working directory
bash
GNU Bourne-Again SHell
echo
display a line of text
env
run a program in a modified environment
exec
execute a file
export
makes variables available to all child processes of the running shell or script
pwd
print name of current/working directory
set
reads and writes variables
unset
deletes variables
man
an interface to the on-line reference manuals
uname
print system information
history
GNU History Library
cat
concatenate files and print on the standard output
cut
remove sections from each line of files
expand
convert tabs to spaces
fmt
simple optimal text formatter
head
output the first part of files
od
dump files in octal and other formats
join
join lines of two files on a common field
nl
number lines of files
paste
merge lines of files
pr
convert text files for printing
sed
stream editor for filtering and transforming text
sort
sort lines of text files
split
split a file into pieces
tail
output the last part of files
tr
translate or delete characters
unexpand
convert spaces to tabs
uniq
report or omit repeated lines
wc
print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
cp
copy files and directories
find
search for files in a directory hierarchy
mkdir
make directories
mv
move (rename) files
ls
list directory contents
rm
remove files or directories
rmdir
remove empty directories
touch
change file timestamps
tar
The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
cpio
copy files to and from archives
dd
convert and copy a file
file
determine file type
gzip
compress or expand files
gunzip
compress or expand files
bzip2
a block-sorting file compressor
file globbing
use of wildcards (filename generation by the shell)
tee
duplicating pipe content
xargs
build and execute command lines from standard input
&
sends a process to the background
bg
sends a process to the background
fg
sends a process to the foreground
jobs
lists background processes
kill
send a signal to a process
nohup
run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
ps
report a snapshot of the current processes
top
display Linux tasks
free
Display amount of free and used memory in the system
uptime
Tell how long the system has been running
killall
kill processes by name
nice
run a program with modified scheduling priority
ps
report a snapshot of the current processes
renice
alter priority of running processes
top
display Linux tasks
grep
print lines matching a pattern
egrep
print lines matching a pattern
fgrep
print lines matching a pattern
sed
stream editor for filtering and transforming text
regex(7)
POSIX.2 regular expressions
vi
Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
/, ?
In vim, / is forward search, ? is backward search
h,j,k,l
In vim command mode, h moves left, j moves down, k moves up, l move right
i, o, a
In vim, i, o a change from command mode to insert mode
c, d, p, y, dd, yy
In vim, c is change command, d is delete command, p is paste after current cursor position, y is yank command, dd is cut the current line, yy is copy the current line
ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!
In vim, ZZ saves & quits, w! writes changes & overwrites read-only files q! quits w/o saving, e! restarts editing a file with discarded changes
fdisk
manipulate disk partition table
mkfs
build a Linux filesystem
mkswap
set up a Linux swap area
du
estimate file space usage
df
report file system disk space usage
fsck
check and repair a Linux filesystem
e2fsck
check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
mke2fs
create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
debugfs
ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
dumpe2fs
dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information
tune2fs
adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 fil…
xfs tools
xfs filesystem utilites
/etc/fstab
config file containing the file system table
/media
directory containing auto mounted devices
mount
mount a filesystem
umount
unmount file systems
quota
shows disk usage and space permitted for a specific user or group
edquota
edits user file system quotas
repquota
summarizes file system quotas
quotaon
turns file system quotas ON
chmod
change permissions of a file
umask
set file mode creation mask
chown
change ownership of a file
chgrp
change group ownership
ln
make links between files
find
search for files in a directory hierarchy
locate
find files by name
updatedb
update a database for mlocate
whereis
locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a com…
which
locate a command
type
identifies if a command, is a built-in command, an alias, or a command installed in your PC
/etc/updatedb.conf
updatedb is a config file used to update a database for mlocate
