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Linux > LPI Certification Linux > Flashcards

LPI Certification Linux Flashcards

1
Q

What does “BIOS” stand for?

A

Basic Input/Output System.

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2
Q

What is BIOS?

A

Firmware located in a PC on the motherboard, used for bringing all of the system hardware to a state ready to boot an operating system.

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3
Q

What the role of the BIOS?

A

A. System initialization B. Memory and device testing C. Locates an operating system to run. D. Provides a low level interface to allow the user to choose other boot devices and hardware resources.

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4
Q

Where does the BIOS reside?

A

On the Motherboard of the PC in ROM (Read Only Memory), typically in an EEPROM, (electronically erasable progammable read-only memory).

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5
Q

Give a few examples of the devices that can be initialized or set through the BIOS?

A

A. The system clock, B. Disks and boot devices, (such as CD-ROMs, Floppy disk, hard disks, zip or jazz drives, NIC, etc). C. Interrupts D. DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels.

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6
Q

What steps does the BIOS process take when starting?

A
  1. Power-On self-test (POST) 2. initializes hardware to a known operational state. 3. Load the boot loader from the boot device, (typically the first hard disk). 4. Passes control to the boot loader, (which loads the OS).
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7
Q

What is the BIOS services “not” used for in a Linux environment?

A

It does not use BIOS services for I/O.

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8
Q

What is the RTC?

A

Real-Time Clock, it is the battery powered clock used to keep track of time when the system is powered off.

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9
Q

What is CMOS?

A

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor clock (or the RTC).

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10
Q

What is the system clock?

A

The system clock or “software clock”, uses the timer interrupt to maintain a software counter.

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11
Q

Which clock does the Linux kernel use to keep track of time?

A

A. RTC, (real-time clock) B. System clock, (software clock).

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12
Q

Which clock does the “date” command use to display date and time?

A

A. RTC, (real-time clock) B. System clock, (software clock).

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13
Q

Which command is used to read and write the RTC (Real-Time Clock) from within Linux?

A

hwclock

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14
Q

What is another name for a system interrupt?

A

IRQ

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15
Q

What are electrical signals sent to the PC’s microprocessor, instructing it to stop it’s current activity and respond to an asynchronous event?

A

Interrupts

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16
Q

What is another name for the microprocessor memory map?

A

I/O addresses?

17
Q

What is an I/O address?

A

A list of defined memory addresses reserved for input/output devices.

18
Q

What is the capabilities of a DMA device.

A

Is a device that has direct access to memory and writes it own data without using the microprocessor.

19
Q

What does DMA stand for?

A

Direct Memory Access

20
Q

How does DMA work?

A

DMA allows DMA capable devices to work directly with memory through a DMA channel, freeing the microprocessor for other tasks.

21
Q

Some older PC audio devices may conflict with IRQ 5 if more than one ______ ____ are configured?

A

parallel ports

22
Q

The most important thing to remember when configuring system resouces is?

A

To avoid conflicting settings.

23
Q

Where is the data located for BIOS to boot the operating system?

A

At the beginning of the disk in the MBR (Master Boot Record).

24
Q

Linux can place the boot loader in either one of 2 places, where can the boot loader be placed?

A

In either the MBR (Master Boot Record) or root partition.

25
Q

What is CHS?

A

Cylinder/head/sector geometry.

26
Q

What is LBA?

A

Logical Blocking Addressing mode, (or Linear block addressing).

27
Q

What types of disks are not normally detected by the BIOS?

A

SCSI and ATA. These disks are handled by supplementary BIOSes assocated with the controller for these devices.

28
Q

Hard disks are broken into _____s, which are broken into ______s.

A

tracks and sectors.

29
Q

fdisk utility is used to ?

A

partition the hard drive.

30
Q

What does PnP stand for?

A

Plug and Play.

31
Q

What is the purpose of PnP?

A

To create jumperless ISA cards that could be automatically configured by the OS’s drivers.

32
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms used in Linux to configure PnP cards?

A

in-kernel support and “isapnp” utilities.

33
Q

In what file are the interrupts usually located?

A

/proc/interrupts

34
Q

What type of filesystem is /proc?

A

virtual filesystem

35
Q

What is the best way to view /proc/interrupts?

A

use “cat”

36
Q

What types of information are found in the files from /proc?

A

Information about hardware, running processes, etc..

37
Q

Which interrupt is the most command cause of problems?

A

IRQ 5 because it is the default value for sound cards and the 2nd parallel port.

Linux (6 decks)

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