LPC - Theories Flashcards
Forming
A group of 7 individuals are together and share anxiety about working on interpersonal skills, given their history of depression. Their expectations are uncertain. According to Tuckman, this group appears to be in which stage?
Correct answer: Forming
Explanation: Forming is the initial stage of group in which members are coming together, learning the task, determining the expectations, establishing a shared attitude and addressing anxiety that accompanies a new task or activity. Norming is the stage in which members agree to methods, share common goals and engage cooperation. Adjourning occurs when the group is completed. Grieving may occur at the completion of a group, feeling emptiness or sadness after the group experience is over.
An Individualized Education Plan
Your 14-year-old client has been diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Her anxiety has been interfering with her academic functioning. According to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), she is eligible for the following:
Correct answer: An Individualized Education Plan
Explanation: IDEA provides special educational services to children with disabilities in 13 categories, including intellectual, physical, or mental health impairments. These students have a right to free public education and are, by law, entitled to accommodations that meet their needs. Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) are created in collaboration with the student, parents, and teachers and carefully documented.
Existential therapy (Yalom)
- Depression, Anxiety
Why am I here? Is this all there is? Why do people suffer?
- Corrects: emphasis is on free will and personal responsibility for choices
- 4 THEMESE: Death, Freedom & Responsibility, Isolation, Meaninglessness
= Common Techniques: techniques include the use of literature, modeling, and sharing of experiences - anxiety is used as a motivator. Focuses on 1’s relationship with: self, others, environment.
The counselor: Existential therapy centers on the client, rather than the symptom, in its focus on free will, self-determination, and the search for meaning. Therapy can use any technique - no specific approach.
Remember: the here and now, free, responsible, making choices, guilt, anxiety is part of the human condition.
Adlerian Therapy
- Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Substance Abuse, Trauma
- Corrects inappropriate coping skills, inferiority and superiority complexes.
- Has 4 stages: Engagement, Assessment, Insight, Reorientation
= Common Techniques: “acting as if”, push button, task setting.
The counselor: exhibits empathy and support - techniques include modeling and education with homework and goal-setting assignments. Delves into early recollections and memories.
Remember: Birth order. The therapeutic relationship is collaborative. Goal setting. “The whole”. Accepting responsibility. Make a difference in client’s behavior. Setting therapeutic contract goals.
Freud
Freud - Psychoanalysis: Biological instincts and development through psychosexual stages control people.
Ellis - Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
Ellis - Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy: A person’s instincts are both rational and irrational, but different reactions can be taught.
REBT, introduced by Albert Ellis in 1955, is a form of psychotherapy that can help clients change dysfunctional behaviors and emotions by becoming aware of and modifying the beliefs and attitudes that cause the problems. The central idea is that a person’s emotional state is caused by the person’s beliefs about an event rather than the event alone. According to an article by Ellis on the Albert Ellis Institute Website, “REBT helps restore the emotional balance in an individual’s life by providing methods for thinking more realistically and level-headedly about ourselves, other people, and the world.”
Perls - Gestalt
People are whole and complete but are affected by their environment. Learning and change result from how a person organizes experience
List four key elements in building the relationship between counselor and client.
A human relationships built on empathy, respect, and a lack of artificiality is the basic component of a successful counselor/client relationship.
Social influence involving competence, power, intimacy, expertise, and trustworthiness are also important.
The counselor must possess communications skills.
Theory helps the counselor to understand the client’s problems and choose the most appropriate way of dealing with them.
Token Economy
CHILDREN
Therapy technique used with children. This is a useful behavioral technique often used to promote good/desired behaviors.
Three elements are present, including 1) tokens (a symbol) for a valued item; 2) the back-up reinforcer (i.e. Material item such as candy, services such as going to a sporting event, or privileges such as to get video game time), and 3) a target or desired behavior being shaped or reinforced.
Biofeedback
Is used to help people relax. It is good for anxiety clients.
Chaining
CHILDREN
This technique involves a series of smaller behaviors that are linked to the desired complex behavior. Each step is prompted and reinforced, strengthening all of the parts of the chain that move toward the desired behavior.
Chaining is a method that therapists use to help children gain proficiency in complex, multi-step directions. The method breaks the steps of directions into specific instructions that link together to enable kids to complete the entire task.
Shaping
CHILDREN
This is a basic operant conditioning technique in which behaviors that approximate or move toward the desired behavior are reinforced.
Child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT)
CHILDREN
Child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) is a play therapy-based treatment program for young children presenting with behavioral, emotional, social, and attachment disorders. It was created by Gary Landreth and is aimed at strengthening the parent-child bond and helping parents respond more effectively to their child’s needs. Parents and their children participate in weekly video recorded sessions and are given feedback and coaching by the therapist.
Client/Person-centered therapy
ADOLS-ADULTS
- Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, personality disorders, substance abuse, panic disorders, stress, eating disorders, phobias, poor relationships
- Corrects: Focuses on the person, not the problem.
- Stages: 0
= Common Techniques: discusses personal worth, the human spirit, self-actualization, and creativity, positive change.
The counselor: The counseling process is determined by the client.
Remember Terms: self-actualization, empathy, unconditional positive regard, positive change, spontaneous, active listening, reflecting, paraphrasing, congruence, subjective, communication
Behavioral therapy
- Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, PTSD
- Corrects: Increases desirable behaviors and reduces negative behaviors.
- Has 3 stages: Reinforcement, Punishment, Extinction
= Common Techniques: Role play, rehearsal, desensitization, recording, behavior modification, assertiveness, social skills, relaxation, biofeedback, token economy, hypothesis testing, exposure therapy, scheduling, homework.
The counselor:
Remember Terms: chaining, conditioning, contingency, reinforcement, EMDR, exposure, flooding, shaping, stimuli, modeling, learning how to deal, Pavlov Dog
