LPC DAY 1 Flashcards
For operations conducted with fail-operational flight control systems using a DH, what do we need to see on DH?
At least one center line light and to be maintained.
What is IR and what does it provide? 8
Laser based inertial reference system (aircraft sensors) which provides attitude, heading, aircraft position, track, heading, acceleration, ground speed and the flight path vector.
To operate LVO approaches and take-offs, OPS regulations requires?
Aerodrome to be approved and LVP to be enforced.
When do the operator take into account the operating aerodrome minima?
Only for CAT II operation because the minimum DH for CAT II is always equal to or higher than any mentioned OCH in the chart.
Which 3 conditions should be meet if we are going to continue the LVO approach past 1000ft AAL when we had a failure before?
- Failure management procedures (ECAM/RESETS/C/L) completed.
- Status of the aircraft = landing capability and management of failure re-assessed and when applicable, corresponding landing minima inserted in MCDU
- Approach briefing amended taking into account the new situation.
Holding time above 14000ft and below 14000ft
Above 14000ft = 1.5min
Below 14000ft = 1min
Below 1000ft and above alert height, when should we perform a go-around? 2
Amber caution (single chime) or landing capability degradation. (tex. from CAT3 DUAL to CAT3 SINGLE).
On which height is the autoland light armed?
Triggered if? 4
200ft RA.
BOTH AP´s trip off, excessive beam deviation is sensed, LOC or GS transmitter or receiver fails, RA discrepancy of at least 15ft is sensed.
How can we compare both FMs with GPIRS position if we get NAV/FMS POS DISAGREE?
Compare the positions of both FMs with the GPIRS position, on the MCDU POSITION MONITOR PAGE. If one FM position agrees with onside GPIRS position = use associated AP/FD. If both FM POSITIONS DO NOT AGREE with onside GPIRS, GPS DESELECT and use RAW DATA (vectors).
New procedure, when you have a failure and you do the ECAM procedures and come to STATUS on ECAM, always
Check that gear is up and flaps are retracted before you continue with ECAM/STATUS
Emergency evacuation checklist, tex. fire in engine
Who´s decision?
It is always captains decision when you do emergency evacuation checklist. If you have fire for example on engine = you do ECAM without confiration and if ECAM says emergency evacuation checklist = apply = do it. IF fire extinguishes you do not need to continue with emergency evacuation checklist. It will dissapear from the ECAM when fire is estinguished. You can taxi out with one engine you do not need to shut down both engines on RWY.
When you declare panpan/mayday/emergency medical and you want to know the weather in dest airport
Do not take the ATIS from the airport via ATIS, always ask about the latest weather on radio
You have NADP1 on airport for example and ATC cleares you below this NADP altitude
If you are going to depart with NADP and ATC clears you do a lower altitude below NADP before TOF, clear the NADP, fly standard 1000/1000ft.
Pushbuttons according to ECAM, overhead panel
Always follow ECAM, never push a button again and try if it works again if ECAM do not say so.
FAC 1 + 2 fault, what will we initially think and what will be lost?
Initially always we will think it is unreliable speed but thats not the case. Call out numbers immediatly “I have 150kt” etc and if all three = PFD1, ISIS and PFD2 shows same speed = we do not have unreliable speed.
BE CAREFUL, all the S-speeds, F-speeds, overspeeds etc. are gone on the PFD = we need to configure aircraft without them = check the placard for flaps and gear and be quickly with configuration!
Circling approach, what is important when turning for base?
When you turn base = immediatly start shallow turn with 300-400ft/min, when you see RWY = AP off, FD off, set RWY track and continue descend with 700-800ft/min.
Thumb of rule for holdings: 180kt = 60min which means 180/60 = 3NM/min
You need to fly 1 minute in 180kt = corresponds to 3NM.
When doing Stall manuever, what is important to not forget?
Do not forget Flaps 1 below 20000ft. Improtant.
Important always to not forget during emergency descend
Doesnt matter if damage or not ALWAYS press the SPEED button after the speed is pulled and fly with SPEED not MACH.
If you hear a loud bang = damage = do not increase speed. Stay with same or decrease speed.
How to insert VREF + 10 or VREF + 15 (flaps 3 landing) in case of failure?
When you insert the failure in performance application (ECAM) = it will take this to account! ALWAYS insert the VAPP you see on the performance application. Go to flaps 3 on PERF page and then insert VAPP from PERF page.
How and when is autoland permitted and what about the definition of decision height?
- Cat 3 DUAL
- CAT 3 Single
- CAT 2
- ALERT height 100ft = Fail operational = Autoland permitted without visual references.
- Fail passive = Autoland permitted with visual references prior to landing (DH = 50ft RA). One RWY centerline light to be seen and maintained. Decision height is defined so a take-over and manual go-around or manual landing can be safely performed.
- Autoland permitted according to status of systems and auto-rollout according to status of the systems. DH = usually around 100ft, check LIDO. Decision height is defined so a take-over and manual go-around or manual landing can be safely performed.
Landing capability downgrade: When landing capability downgrades, what will happen?
Triple click aural warning is activated and FMA shows the new landing capability. Above Alert height, we need to perform go-around, below we can continue to perform the autoland.
What does the FMGC do below 100ft RA?
If failure occurs below 100ft?
Below 100ft RA until LAND mode is disengaged or both APs are off, the FMGC freezes the landing capability = if a failure occurs below 100ft RA = landing capability remains unchanged.
Alert height: It refers ONLY to and when is it deifned?
What is the definition of alert height related to?
It refers ONLY to Autoland with CAT 3 DUAL = fail operational. It is defined during aircraft certification.
Definition of alert height is directly related to the time remaining until touchdown. Height below which the probability that a multiple failure affecting the fail operation system is low enough to be disregarded.
Why do we perform go-around above the alert height?
We disregard if something happens below alert height, EXCEPT what?
Above the alert height a go-around (or manual take-over) should be decided and initiated if a single failure affects the fail-operational landing system because the probability of a second failure remains high and must be considered.
Red AUTOLAND LIGHT (sudden loss of LOC signal, unreliable RA data etc.) and we need to take action here. If visual references met = we can disconnect and continue manually otherwise go-around.
AUTOLAND red light flashes in two modes, which are they and when does it flash?
8 conditions
LAND or FLARE mode when RA is below 200ft with at least one AP engaged and one or more of the follow conditions occur:
- Aircraft gets too far off the beam = LOC ¼ dot above 15ft RA, GS 1 dot above 100ft RA.
- LOC and GS scales flash on PFD
- or both AP trips off
- or Both localizer transmitters or receivers fail above 15ft RA
- or Both GS transmitters or receiver fails above 100ft RA
- or difference between both RA greater than 15ft
- or FMGC detects long flare or untimely flare condition
- or last autopilot disengages
From the moment AUTOLAND red warning triggers.
The system is not able to safely continue the Autoland.
Autoland has been demonstrated within which conditions?
- ILS SLOPE RANGE
- Airport elevation
- ROLL OUT MODE
- AP/APs
With CAT II and CAT III ILS beam, with ILS slope inside range of -2.5 and -3.15
- Airport elevation between -1000 and 6500ft.
- ROLL OUT mode has been demonstrated on dry and wet runways.
- One AP must at least be engaged in APPR mode and CAT2, CAT3 single or CAT3 DUAL capability must be displayed on FMA.
CAT2
- Minimum decision height
- RVR
- AP
- FMA
- In case of manual landing
100ft.
300m.
At least one AP engaged in APPR mode
CAT2 or CAT3 SINGLE or CAT3 DUAL must be displayed on FMA
AP should be disconnected no later than 80ft AGL.
CAT3 SINGLE
- Minimum decision height
- RVR
- AP
- FMA
50ft
200m
At least one AP engaged in APPR mode
CAT3 SINGLE/CAT 3 DUAL
Intention autoland, IF wind limitations exceeds the limitations you can find in FCOM limitations for each aircraft?
Only CAT II approach WITHOUT Autoland can be performed.
Automatic ROLLOUT LIMITATION: Reversers: With one engine inoperative or one thrust reverser INOP, use of remaining thrust reverser is permitted provided: 3
- No more than IDLE reverse is used
- Maximum wind conditions for automatic rollout are applied
- Crosswind component not above 15kt (ONLY for A321).
Autoland with OEI: Configuration limitation for A320 and A321
A320 = ONLY CONF FULL
A321 = CONF3 or CONF FULL
Contributing factors for CFIT (usually during NPA approach). 4
Solutions to avoid: 4
- Weather = rain, turbulence, icing which increase workload, poor visibility, night = loss of SA.
- Approach design and documentation = step down fixes etc. (not permitted in WIZZ AIR).
- Failure to use standard phraseology leading to confusion and misunderstandning.
- Pilot fatigue and disorientation.
Solutions to avoid: SOPs, TAWS (terrain avoidance warning system), SA, CDFA etc.
What is the difference between EGPWS and GPWS? What is EGPWS based on and what is the purpose of it?
E = Enhanced = forward looking capability for terrain is added. Based on terrain database and FMGC current position, not on radar returns. Purpose is to avoid CFIT and to give enough time to crew to perform avoidance maneuver. Crates two envelopes with FMGS position in front of the aircraft, one for caution other one for warning.
EGPWS get data from? 5
Most caution and warnings are generated as a result of?
Get data from RA1, ADIRS 1, ILS1, FMGC1, LGCIU1. Most caution Result of changes in RA heights or the rates of changes.
What is the full name of GPWS?
GPWS includes?
Ground proximity warning system
- GPWS includes: 5 basic modes active up to radio height of 2500ft.
GPWS Mode 1.
- Caution and warning
- Recovery (IMC and VMC)
Excessive rate of descend.
- Caution = Sink rate, sink rate,
- Warning = Pull UP
- Above 1000ft AAL in IMC or above 500ft AAL in VMC, flight path = adjust.
Below 1000ft AAL in IMC or below 500ft AAL in VMC, go-around = consider)
GPWS Mode 2
- Caution and warning
- Recovery in case of warning
Excessive terrain closure rate (2a = flaps not in landing position + LDG gear up), (2b = flaps in landing configuration + landing gear up).
- Caution = Terrain Terrain,
- Warning = PULL UP
Go-Around perform/TOGA