LP 1 Vocab Flashcards
acute coronary syndrome
s/s that indicate unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
angiography
may be used to confirm diagnosis of occlusive arterial disease. involves injecting a radiopaque contrast agent directly into the arterial system to visualize the vessels
arteriosclerosis
diffuse process whereby the muscle fibers and the endothelial lining of the walls of small arteries and arterioles thicken
atherectomy
an invasive procedure that uses a cutting device or laser to remove or reduce plaque in an artery
Atherosclerosis
abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and the lumen
cardiac catheterization
a common invasive procedure used to diagnose structural and functional disease of the heart and great vessels. involves the percutaneous insertion of radiopaque catheters into a large vein and an artery. fluoroscopy is used to guide the catheters through the R and L heart.
cardiac stress test
a test used to evaluate the functioning of the heart during a period of increased oxygen demand; test may be initiated by exercise or medications
cardiac tamponade
a compression of hte heart resulting from fluid or blood within the pericardial sac. it is usually caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest
Collateral circulation
alternate or “backup” blood vessels in your body that can take over when another artery or vein becomes blocked or damaged
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
a surgical procedure in which a blood vessel from another part of the body is grated onto the occluded coronary artery below the occlusion in such a way that blood flow bypasses the blockage
Coronary artery spasm
a sudden tightening of the arteries that send blood to your heart. The spasms are quick and may be painless, but they can increase your risk of a heart attack. Coronary artery spasms often happen in late-night or early-morning hours and may wake you up
Coronary artery stent
a metal mesh that provides structural support to a coronary vessel, preventing its closure
Creatine kinase (CK)
an enzyme that’s found in your skeletal muscle, heart muscle and brain. When any of these tissues are damaged, they leak creatine kinase into your bloodstream. Elevated CK levels may indicate muscle injury or disease
Echocardiography
a noninvasive US test that is used to measure the ejection fraction and examine the size, shape, and motion of cardiac structures
Ischemia
insufficient tissue oxygenation
Myocardial infarction
death of heart tissue caused by lack of oxygenated blood flow
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
a type of percutaneous coronary intervention in which a balloon is inflated within a coronary artery to break an atheroma and open the vessel lumen, improving coronary artery blood flow
Pulsus paradoxus
a SBP that is markedly lower during inhalation. It’s an abnormal difference of at least 10 mm/Hg in SBP between the point that it is heard during exhalation and the point that it is heart during inhalation
Stable angina
predictable and consistent pain that occurs on exertion and is relieved by rest and/or nitro
Sudden cardiac death
abrupt cessation of effective heart activity
Thrombolytic agents
a pharmacologic agent that breaks down blood clots; AKA fibrinolytic
Transesophageal echocardiography
an alternative way to perform an echocardiogram. A specialized probe containing an ultrasound transducer at its tip is passed into the patient’s esophagus. This allows image and Doppler evaluation which can be recordedhighlights
Troponin
a cardiac muscle biomarker; measurement is used as an indicator of heart muscle injury
