LP 1 Vocab

Question 1

acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

s/s that indicate unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

Question 2

angiography

Answer 2

may be used to confirm diagnosis of occlusive arterial disease. involves injecting a radiopaque contrast agent directly into the arterial system to visualize the vessels

Question 3

arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

diffuse process whereby the muscle fibers and the endothelial lining of the walls of small arteries and arterioles thicken

Question 4

atherectomy

Answer 4

an invasive procedure that uses a cutting device or laser to remove or reduce plaque in an artery

Question 5

Atherosclerosis

Answer 5

abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and the lumen

Question 6

cardiac catheterization

Answer 6

a common invasive procedure used to diagnose structural and functional disease of the heart and great vessels. involves the percutaneous insertion of radiopaque catheters into a large vein and an artery. fluoroscopy is used to guide the catheters through the R and L heart.

Question 7

cardiac stress test

Answer 7

a test used to evaluate the functioning of the heart during a period of increased oxygen demand; test may be initiated by exercise or medications

Question 8

cardiac tamponade

Answer 8

a compression of hte heart resulting from fluid or blood within the pericardial sac. it is usually caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest

Question 9

Collateral circulation

Answer 9

alternate or “backup” blood vessels in your body that can take over when another artery or vein becomes blocked or damaged

Question 10

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Answer 10

a surgical procedure in which a blood vessel from another part of the body is grated onto the occluded coronary artery below the occlusion in such a way that blood flow bypasses the blockage

Question 11

Coronary artery spasm

Answer 11

a sudden tightening of the arteries that send blood to your heart. The spasms are quick and may be painless, but they can increase your risk of a heart attack. Coronary artery spasms often happen in late-night or early-morning hours and may wake you up

Question 12

Coronary artery stent

Answer 12

a metal mesh that provides structural support to a coronary vessel, preventing its closure

Question 13

Creatine kinase (CK)

Answer 13

an enzyme that’s found in your skeletal muscle, heart muscle and brain. When any of these tissues are damaged, they leak creatine kinase into your bloodstream. Elevated CK levels may indicate muscle injury or disease

Question 14

Echocardiography

Answer 14

a noninvasive US test that is used to measure the ejection fraction and examine the size, shape, and motion of cardiac structures

Question 15

Ischemia

Answer 15

insufficient tissue oxygenation

Question 16

Myocardial infarction

Answer 16

death of heart tissue caused by lack of oxygenated blood flow

Question 17

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Answer 17

a type of percutaneous coronary intervention in which a balloon is inflated within a coronary artery to break an atheroma and open the vessel lumen, improving coronary artery blood flow

Question 18

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 18

a SBP that is markedly lower during inhalation. It’s an abnormal difference of at least 10 mm/Hg in SBP between the point that it is heard during exhalation and the point that it is heart during inhalation

Question 19

Stable angina

Answer 19

predictable and consistent pain that occurs on exertion and is relieved by rest and/or nitro

Question 20

Sudden cardiac death

Answer 20

abrupt cessation of effective heart activity

Question 21

Thrombolytic agents

Answer 21

a pharmacologic agent that breaks down blood clots; AKA fibrinolytic

Question 22

Transesophageal echocardiography

Answer 22

an alternative way to perform an echocardiogram. A specialized probe containing an ultrasound transducer at its tip is passed into the patient’s esophagus. This allows image and Doppler evaluation which can be recordedhighlights

Question 23

Troponin

Answer 23

a cardiac muscle biomarker; measurement is used as an indicator of heart muscle injury