Lowers lab

Question 1

In AP foot Provide the following:
Cassette size and orientation
part position
CR

Answer 1

10x12 LW NB
Foot is directly on IR, (plantar surface)
CR is 10 degree towards heel, directed at base of 3rd metatarsal

Question 2

In OBL foot provide the following:
Cassette size and orientation
part position
CR

Answer 2

10x12 LW NB
foot is rotated 30 degree medially
no angle, directed at base of 3rd metatarsal

Question 3

In LAT foot provide:
Cassette size and orientation
part position
Affected knee position
CR

Answer 3

10x12 LW NB
In a true lateral position
Affected knee down and flexed 45 degree
CR is directed at medial cuneiform

Question 4

In AP ankle provide:
cassette size and or.
part position
CR
Collimation

Answer 4

10x12 LW NB
foot and ankle in true AP position
directed midway btwn malleoli
incld prox half of metatarsals and distal tib-fib

Question 5

In AP mortise ankle provide:
Cassette size
Part position
CR

Answer 5

10x12 LW NB
entire affected leg and foot, internally rotated 15-20 degree (hint, have pt lie on the affected side for complete rotation)
CR is directed mid btwn malleoli

Question 6

In LAT ankle provide:
Cassette size
degree of affected knee
Part position
CR

Answer 6

10x12 LW NB
45 degree
dorsiflexed foot, in true lateral position
CR directed at medial malleolus

Question 7

In AP leg provide
cassette size and OR
part position 
part to IR
CR 
collimation

Answer 7

14x17 Diag, NB
True lateral position, no angle, foot is dorsiflexed
IR is diag oriented, include ankle and knee joint 1-2 inches
CR mid point of tibia
include maximum ankle and knee joint

Question 8

in LAT leg, provide:
cassette size and OR
part position
Part to IR
SID

Answer 8

14x17 diag, NB
True lat, dorsiflexed foot 90 degree
same as AP leg
44” SID

Question 9

In AP knee provide:
Cassette size and OR
Prt position
CR

Answer 9

10x12 LW B
True AP, rotate leg internally 3-5 degree
CR is 1/2” distal to apex of patella

Question 10

Tube angle mnemonic for memorization is LAST. what view does each letter represent?

Answer 10

L= Lat Knee, A= AP foot, S= Sun Rise, T= Tunnel

Question 11

Tube angulation on LAST

Answer 11

L= 5, A=10, S= 15, T= 20

Question 12

Knee flexion mnemonic for memorization is LAFF, what does each letter represent?

Answer 12

L= Lat knee, A= Ankle, F= foot, F= femur

Question 13

As a rule of thumb, each joint has angulation to be accounted for, what are the angulation for Hip, Knee, and Ankle

Answer 13

Hip= 15, Knee= 5, Ankle = 15

Question 14

In lateral knee, provide:
Cassette size and orientation
pt position
part position
Central ray position

Answer 14

10x12 LW Bucky
pt on the affected side, unaffected knee out of view
Knee is flexed at 20-30, in true lat, epicondyles superimposed
tube is angled 5-7 degree towards head, CR 1” distal to medial epicondyle

Question 15

In sunrise patella, provide:
cassette size and orientation
pt position
part position
IR placement
CR (angulation, position of CR)
collimation

Answer 15

8x10 LW NB
pt is seated, unaffected leg extended
affected knee is bent at 90 degree with the plantar surface of foot on the table
IR rested on the midthigh, parallel to the tube angle
Tube angulation is at 15-20 towards the femoropatella joint
collimation is tightly to affected part

Question 16

for AP axial, provide:
cassette size
pt position
part position
part to IR
CR

Answer 16

8x10 cw NB
pt is supine
knee is flexed 40-45 degree
under IR use sandbag/tools to raise the IR to decrease OID
CR is angled 20-25 degree cephalic, 1/2” distal to apex of patella

Question 17

AP proximal Femur, provide:
cassette size 
part position
Part to IR
CR

Answer 17

14x17 LW B
femur internally rotated, 15-20 degree
femoral neck to mid IR
CR= top of IR to level of ASIS, then center it

Question 18

AP distal femur, provide
Cassette size
part position (position of epicondyles and angle of internal rotation)
Prt to IR 
collimation

Answer 18

14x17 LW B
epicondyles are parallel to IR, limb internally rotated 5 degree
femur to mideline of IR, lower IR 2” below knee joint
collimate to skin border, and 1” knee joint

Question 19

Lateral prox femur, provide:
cassette size
pt position
prt position
prt to IR
CR
what to include in collimation

Answer 19

14x17 LW B
pt is supine, on side of affected leg, unaffected is behind and away
knee is flexed 45 degree, femur in line with midline of CR shadow
upper IR is at lvl of ASIS
as much as the ends of collimation allow

Question 20

Lat distal femur, provide:
cassette size
pt position
prt to IR
CR
collimation

Answer 20

14x17 LW b
same as lat prox femur
knee flexed at 45, bottom of IR to 2” below knee joint
CR to midpoint of IR
sides to skin, include as much femur and min of knee joint

Question 21

AP pelvis, provide:
Cassette size
Pt position
prt position
Prt to IR
CR
collimation

Answer 21

14x17 CW bucky
supine, legs extended no pelvic rotation
prt position is bilateral feet at a 15-20 degree internal rotation
Mid Sagi plane, centerline of table
CR = midway btwn asis and pubis symphysis ( two inches below ASIS)
sides to skin, full colli ends

Question 22

AP Hip, provide:
cassette size
pt position
prt position
prt to IR
CR
Collimation

Answer 22

10x12 LW B
supine
affected leg internally rotated 15-20 degree
in combination, find ASIS, go 1” medial and then 3.5” distal then you’ll have center of IR
on all 4 sides

Question 23

Lat hip (frog leg) provide:
cassette size
pt position
prt position
prt to IR
CR
collimation

Answer 23

10x12 CW B
supine with flexed knee and hip to side
center affected femoral neck to midline IR ( do this by finding the ASIS and then go medially one inch)
for CR 1” medial to ASIS (as stated) is and then 3.5” distal to ASIS.