Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases

Question 1

The most likely causative pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia are:

Answer 1

S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and respiratory viruses

Question 2

Risk factors for Drug-resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) are:

Answer 2

Antimicrobial use within 3 mo., age 65 or older, child in daycare, ETOH abuse, comorbidities, immunosuppressed.

Question 3

The minimum diagnostic evaluation in community-acquired pneumonia includes:

Answer 3

CBC with diff and Chest X-ray

Question 4

CAP in younger, healthier, and low DRSP risk patients is likely caused by:

Answer 4

S. pneumo, Atypical pathogens, and respiratory viruses

Question 5

CAP in older, sicker, and higher DRSP risk patients is likely caused by:

Answer 5

S. pneumo (DRSP), H. influenzae, M. pneumo, C. pneumo, Legionella, and Resp. viruses

Question 6

Antimicrobials effective against the atypical pathogens (M. and C. pneumo and Legionella) include:

Answer 6

Macrolides, respiratory fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines, including doxycycline

Question 7

Antimicrobials effective against H. influenzae (Gram-neg.) include:

Answer 7

Cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, macrolides, respiratory fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines, including doxycycline

Question 8

Treatment for CAP in younger, healthier, low DRSP risk patients is:

Answer 8

Macrolide (-mycin) OR Doxycycline

Question 9

Antimicrobials effective against non-resistant S. pneumo include:

Answer 9

Macrolides (-mycin), Standard-dose amoxicillin, cephalosporins (cef-), tetracyclines including doxycycline

Question 10

Preferred antimicrobials effective against DRSP include:

Answer 10

High-dose amoxicillin and respiratory fluoroquinolones (moxi-, levo-, gemifloxacin)