Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Surgery 395 > Lower Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Which lung lobes can be FULLY removed?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do the intercostal muscles relax or contract on inspiration?

A

Contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many costal arches are on each side?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many pairs of ribs are in a dog?

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Into what does the thoracic duct drain?

A

The caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 5 examples of obstructive disorders?

A
  1. Stenotic nares
  2. Nasal tumors
  3. Foreign body
  4. Rhinitis
  5. Sinusitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 2 examples of restrictive disorders?

A
  1. Decreased lung compliance

2. Conditions affecting the pleural cavity (pyothorax, chylothorax, fibrosis, hemothorax, pneumothorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 3-4 examples of vascular conditions?

A
  1. PDA
  2. PTE
  3. Heartworm
  4. Interstitial edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pressure within the thoracic space?

A

-5 cm H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you call a loss of the negative pressure within the thoracic space?

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where would you aim to collect fluid off the chest?

A

Ventral 1/3 of the chest cavity between the 6th and 9th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where would you aim to collect air off the chest?

A

Dorsal 1/3 of the chest cavity between the 6th and 9th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a thoracostomy?

A

Construction of an opening through the chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a proper consideration for a thoracotomy: (1) all animals with respiratory distress require oxygen supplementation, (2) all animals with open chest cavities require intermittent positive pressure ventilation, except diaphragmatic hernias, (3) high ventilator pressures should be avoided in chronic lung collapse, (4) use of post-operative analgesia.

A

(2) ALL animals with open chest cavities require intermittent positive pressure ventilation, INCLUDING diaphragmatic hernias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which hurts more, a lateral thoracotomy or a median sternotomy?

A

Lateral thoracotomy - use heavy pain medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 advantages of a lateral thoracotomy?

A
  1. Good access to dorsal structures

2. Good access to structures directly under intercostal space

17
Q

What are the 2 disadvantages of a lateral thoracotomy?

A
  1. Poor access to contralateral hemithorax

2. Poor access to ipsilateral structures not directly under the incision

18
Q

When you cut through an intercostal space, where should you make your cut?

A

Cranial to mid intercostal space

19
Q

Explain how you would close an intercostal incision…

A
  1. Pre-place sutures around the adjacent ribs

2. Apposition of intercostal muscles WITHOUT over-tightening

20
Q

Into which intercostal space(s) would you incise to reach the heart/pericardium?

A

Right or left side, 4th or 5th

21
Q

Into which intercostal space(s) would you incise to reach the cranial lung field?

A

Right or left side, 4th or 5th

22
Q

Into which intercostal space would you incise to reach the caudal lung field?

A

Right or left side, 5th or 6th

23
Q

Into which intercostal space would you incise to reach the cranial esophagus?

A

Right 3th/4th

24
Q

Into which intercostal space would you incise to reach the caudal esophagus?

A

Right or left side, 7th-9th

25
Q

Into which intercostal space would you incise to reach the thoracic duct in a dog? Cat?

A

Dog - right 8-10

Cat - left 8-10

26
Q

What are the 2 advantages to a median sternotomy?

A
  1. Access to entire thoracic cavity

2. Able to combine with an abdominal approach

27
Q

What is the disadvantage to a median sternotomy?

A

Difficult to access dorsal structures

28
Q

When performing a median sternotomy, which 2 things should be left intact?

A
  1. Manubrium

2. Xyphoid

29
Q

When would you use wires around the sternebra to close a median sternotomy?

A

Patient > 10 kg

30
Q

When would you use heavy gauge suture around the sternebra to close a median sternotomy?

A

Patient

31
Q

What are the 4 advantages to a thoracoscopy?

A
  1. Less pain
  2. Quick recovery
  3. Magnification, illumination
  4. Visualization of difficult to reach places
32
Q

When performing a complete lobectomy, would you ligate the artery or vein at the hilus first?

A

Artery

33
Q

Explain the triglyceride and cholesterol levels for chylothorax…

A

Triglycerides in thoracic fluid > triglycerides in peripheral blood

Cholesterol of thoracic fluid

34
Q

How would you medically manage a chylothorax?

A
  1. Low fat diet
  2. Supplement with rutin (increases protein removal, decreases lymphatic leakage)
  3. Intermittent thoracocenteses
35
Q

Explain the purulent exudate associated with a pyothorax…

A
  1. Cytology: neutrophils + intracellular bacteria
  2. TP > 3 g/dL
  3. Cell count > 3000 cells/uL

Small Animal Surgery 395 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions