Lower respiratory tract

Question 1

What is bronchiectasis

Answer 1

Abnormal permanent dilation of subsegmental airways

Question 2

3 classifications of bronchiestasis

Answer 2

1. Cylindrical/tubular: bronchi that do not end blindly but communicate with lung parenchyma
2. Saccular: follows a major pulmonary infection or from a foreign body
3. Varicose: a mixture of both
4. Pseudobronchiectasis: temporal cylindrical dilation of bronchus after acute pneumonic process

Question 3

Pathophysiology of bronchiectasis

Answer 3

Impaired removal of excess mucus
Bacterial colonization
Infection
Progressive lung damage 
Dilation of bronchus

Question 4

Causes of bronchiectasis

Answer 4

Cystic fibrosis
Tumors (intrinsic and extrinsic)
Infection
Scarring secondary to TB

Question 5

Clinical features of bronchiectasis

Answer 5

Frequent bronchopulmonary infections
Bad breath order
Daily sputum discharge and low exercise tolerance

Question 6

Management of bronchiectasis

Answer 6

Physiotherapy
Antibiotics
Immunoglobulins
Surgical

Question 7

What surgical management is chosen for bronchiectasis

Answer 7

Thoracoscopy is preferred over thoracotomy

Question 8

What is a lung abscess

Answer 8

Collection of pus situated superficially in the lung

Question 9

What is a destroyed lung ?

Answer 9

Total and irreversible destruction of one lung due to bronchopulmonary infections

Question 10

Surgical management for destroyed lung?

Answer 10

Pneumonectomya( type of surgery to remove one of your lungs because of cancer, trauma, or some other condition)