Inflammation

Question 1

Describe inflammation

Answer 1

A complex reaction of living tissue to injury

Question 2

What are the signs of acute inflammation

Answer 2

Heat, redness, swelling, pain

Question 3

Causes of acute inflammation

Answer 3

Exogenous; outside of the body
(Radiation, chemical, thermal injury, trauma, infection)

Endogenous; inside the body
(Metabolic products, immunological reaction, reaction to necrosis)

Question 4

Causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 4

Persistent infection
Prolonged exposure to toxic agents
Autoimmunity
Hyper sensitivity
Presence of foreign material

Question 5

Discuss 3 components of acute inflammation

Answer 5

1. Vascular component
   Changes in internal diameter of vessels bring about VASODILATION and increased blood flow. Plasmatic zone occurs with leukocytes adhering to endothelium.
2. Exudative component
   VASCULAR PERMIABILITY occurs allowing proteins to escape
3. Cellular component
   The accumulation and activation of leukocytes at the site of injury.

Question 6

Sequelae of acute inflammation

Answer 6

1. Resolution
2. Suppuration (pus formation)
3. Repair and organisation
4. Chronic inflammation

Question 7

What are the morphological features of chronic inflammation

Answer 7

Infiltration by monoclear inflammatory cell (macrophage, lymphocytes, plasma cells)
Tissue destruction (attempts healing)

Question 8

What is ganulomatous inflammation

Answer 8

Type of chronic inflammation that occurs after persistent cell injury.

Question 9

Causes of Glanulomatous inflammation

Answer 9

Bacteria I.e TB
Fungi
Parasites
Insoluble material
Unknown (Crohn's disease)
Cell mediated hypersensitivity 
Foreign material

Question 10

Factors influencing healing

Answer 10

Nutrition
Blood supply
Infection
Amount of tissue destroyed

Question 11

Complications of healing

Answer 11

Keloid formation
Contraction
Infection
Malignancy